toolchain: gsinit зануляет _DATA (C-семантика статиков) + sprinter-cc --max-allocs

Все четыре crt0 (default/small/minimal/banked): gsinit теперь зануляет
_DATA и _BSS через общий zero_area, затем копирует _INITIALIZER.
Явные `= 0` у глобалов/статиков больше не нужны (они жгли байты
_INITIALIZER в образе). crt0-приватные переменные, записываемые ДО
gsinit (_estex_startup_ix и др.), перенесены из _DATA в _CODE (RAM).

sprinter-cc: новая опция --max-allocs N → SDCC --max-allocs-per-node
(агрессивнее аллокация регистров, меньше/быстрее код ценой времени
компиляции).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

bin/sprinter-cc

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 #   --bank N=FILE.c  compile FILE.c as bank N; repeatable; pulls crt0_banked
 #                    automatically and adds -Wl-b_BANKN=0x{N}C000
 #   --mkexe FLAG     extra mkexe flag (repeatable; e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0)
+#   --max-allocs N   SDCC --max-allocs-per-node (default: SDCC's 3000).
+#                    Higher values give smaller/faster code at the cost of
+#                    compile time; 10000..100000 is a reasonable range.
 #   --debug          enable runtime diagnostics — defines DEBUG_RT for both
 #                    sdcc (-DDEBUG_RT) and the crt0 assembly (prepended
 #                    `DEBUG_RT = 1`).  Exposes runtime introspection symbols
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ SOURCES=()
 LD_EXTRA=()
 MKEXE_EXTRA=()
 BANK_SPECS=()    # entries like "1=engine.c"
+MAX_ALLOCS=""    # if set, passed to sdcc as --max-allocs-per-node
 
 # ------- Parse args ----------------------------------------------------------
 usage() {
@@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
         -Wl)           LD_EXTRA+=("$2");  shift 2;;
         --bank)        BANK_SPECS+=("$2"); shift 2;;
         --mkexe)       MKEXE_EXTRA+=("$2"); shift 2;;
+        --max-allocs)  MAX_ALLOCS="$2";   shift 2;;
         --debug)       DEBUG_RT=1;        shift;;
         -v)            VERBOSE=1;         shift;;
         -h|--help)     usage 0;;
@@ -272,6 +277,7 @@ run "$SDASZ80" -o "$HEAP_TOP_REL" "$HEAP_TOP_SRC"
 USER_RELS=()
 CC_FLAGS=(-mz80 --no-std-crt0 --std-c99 --opt-code-size -I "$INC_DIR" "${USER_INCS[@]}")
 [[ $DEBUG_RT -eq 1 ]] && CC_FLAGS+=(-DDEBUG_RT)
+[[ -n "$MAX_ALLOCS" ]] && CC_FLAGS+=(--max-allocs-per-node "$MAX_ALLOCS")
 for src in "${SOURCES[@]}"; do
     rel="$WORK/$(basename "$src" .c).rel"
     run "$SDCC" "${CC_FLAGS[@]}" -c -o "$rel" "$src"

runtime/crt0.s

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
     .globl  s__INITIALIZER
     .globl  l__INITIALIZER
     .globl  s__INITIALIZED
+    .globl  s__DATA
+    .globl  l__DATA
     .globl  s__BSS
     .globl  l__BSS
 
@@ -300,10 +302,13 @@ gpn_skip:
 ;; =========================================================================
 ;; Runtime data (HOME's _DATA / _BSS)
 ;; =========================================================================
-    .area _DATA
+    .area _CODE
+;; Written BEFORE gsinit runs (gsinit zeroes _DATA), so these live in
+;; _CODE — RAM on the Sprinter, always mapped.
 _estex_startup_ix::
     .ds 2
 
+    .area _DATA
 _argc::
     .ds 2
 _argv::
@@ -326,32 +331,43 @@ progname_buf:
     .ds 128                          ; ESTEX APPINFO app_path target
 
 ;; =========================================================================
-;; gsinit — copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED, then zero _BSS.
+;; gsinit — zero _DATA + _BSS, then copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED.
+;; _DATA is zeroed because C guarantees zero-valued statics — this lets
+;; code drop explicit `= 0` initializers that burn _INITIALIZER bytes.
 ;; =========================================================================
     .area _GSINIT
-gsinit::
+    .area _CODE
-    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+;; zero_area — fill BC bytes at HL with 0 (BC may be zero).
+zero_area:
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_bss
+    ret   Z
-    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
-    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
-    ldir
-gsinit_bss:
-    ld    bc, #l__BSS
-    ld    a, b
-    or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
-    ld    hl, #s__BSS
     ld    (hl), #0
     dec   bc
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ret   Z
     ld    d, h
     ld    e, l
     inc   de
     ldir
+    ret
+
+    .area _GSINIT
+gsinit::
+    ld    hl, #s__DATA
+    ld    bc, #l__DATA
+    call  zero_area
+    ld    hl, #s__BSS
+    ld    bc, #l__BSS
+    call  zero_area
+    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+    ld    a, b
+    or    a, c
+    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
+    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
+    ldir
 gsinit_done:
 
     .area _GSFINAL

runtime/crt0_banked.s

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
     .globl  s__INITIALIZER
     .globl  l__INITIALIZER
     .globl  s__INITIALIZED
+    .globl  s__DATA
+    .globl  l__DATA
     .globl  s__BSS
     .globl  l__BSS
 
@@ -398,7 +400,9 @@ gpn_skip:
 ;; =========================================================================
 ;; Runtime data
 ;; =========================================================================
-    .area _DATA
+    .area _CODE
+;; Written BEFORE gsinit runs (gsinit zeroes _DATA), so these live in
+;; _CODE — RAM on the Sprinter, always mapped.
 _estex_startup_ix::
     .ds 2
 _estex_file_handle::
@@ -407,6 +411,8 @@ _estex_block_id::
     .ds 1
 _bank_block_id::
     .ds 1
+
+    .area _DATA
 _argc::
     .ds 2
 _argv::
@@ -427,32 +433,43 @@ _w2_self_allocated::
 .endif
 
 ;; =========================================================================
-;; gsinit — same as crt0.s (copy INITIALIZER, zero BSS)
+;; gsinit — same as crt0.s (zero _DATA + _BSS, copy INITIALIZER)
 ;; =========================================================================
     .area _GSINIT
-gsinit::
+    .area _CODE
-    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+;; zero_area — fill BC bytes at HL with 0 (BC may be zero).
+zero_area:
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_bss
+    ret   Z
-    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
-    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
-    ldir
-gsinit_bss:
-    ld    bc, #l__BSS
-    ld    a, b
-    or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
-    ld    hl, #s__BSS
     ld    (hl), #0
     dec   bc
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ret   Z
     ld    d, h
     ld    e, l
     inc   de
     ldir
+    ret
+
+    .area _GSINIT
+gsinit::
+    ;; --- Zero _DATA + _BSS (C guarantees zero-valued statics) ---
+    ld    hl, #s__DATA
+    ld    bc, #l__DATA
+    call  zero_area
+    ld    hl, #s__BSS
+    ld    bc, #l__BSS
+    call  zero_area
+    ;; --- Copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED if non-empty ---
+    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+    ld    a, b
+    or    a, c
+    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
+    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
+    ldir
 gsinit_done:
 
     .area _GSFINAL

runtime/crt0_minimal.s

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
     .globl  s__INITIALIZER
     .globl  l__INITIALIZER
     .globl  s__INITIALIZED
+    .globl  s__DATA
+    .globl  l__DATA
     .globl  s__BSS
     .globl  l__BSS
 
@@ -70,40 +72,51 @@ _start::
 ;; =========================================================================
 ;; Runtime data
 ;; =========================================================================
-    .area _DATA
+    .area _CODE
+;; Written BEFORE gsinit runs (gsinit zeroes _DATA), so these live in
+;; _CODE — RAM on the Sprinter, always mapped.
 _estex_startup_ix::
     .ds 2
 
 ;; =========================================================================
-;; gsinit — copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED, then zero _BSS.
+;; gsinit — zero _DATA + _BSS, then copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED.
 ;;   SDCC appends per-unit init code between this label and the ret in _GSFINAL.
 ;; =========================================================================
     .area _GSINIT
-gsinit::
+    .area _CODE
-    ;; --- Copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED if non-empty ---
+;; zero_area — fill BC bytes at HL with 0 (BC may be zero).
-    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+zero_area:
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_bss
+    ret   Z
-    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
-    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
-    ldir
-gsinit_bss:
-    ;; --- Zero _BSS if non-empty ---
-    ld    bc, #l__BSS
-    ld    a, b
-    or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
-    ld    hl, #s__BSS
     ld    (hl), #0
     dec   bc
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ret   Z
     ld    d, h
     ld    e, l
     inc   de
     ldir
+    ret
+
+    .area _GSINIT
+gsinit::
+    ;; --- Zero _DATA + _BSS (C guarantees zero-valued statics) ---
+    ld    hl, #s__DATA
+    ld    bc, #l__DATA
+    call  zero_area
+    ld    hl, #s__BSS
+    ld    bc, #l__BSS
+    call  zero_area
+    ;; --- Copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED if non-empty ---
+    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+    ld    a, b
+    or    a, c
+    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
+    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
+    ldir
 gsinit_done:
 
     .area _GSFINAL

runtime/crt0_small.s

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
     .globl  s__INITIALIZER
     .globl  l__INITIALIZER
     .globl  s__INITIALIZED
+    .globl  s__DATA
+    .globl  l__DATA
     .globl  s__BSS
     .globl  l__BSS
 
@@ -119,11 +121,11 @@ w2_join:
     ld    sp, #0xBFFE
 .ifdef DEBUG_RT
     ;; Save the self-alloc flag across gsinit (which clobbers BC/DE/HL and
-    ;; zeroes BSS).  SP is in W2 now, push is safe.
+    ;; zeroes _DATA/_BSS).  SP is in W2 now, push is safe.
     push  af
 .endif
 
-    ;; ----- Step 5: save IX prefix in its canonical W2 slot. -------------
+    ;; ----- Step 5: save IX prefix in its canonical slot (_CODE, W1). ----
     ld    (_estex_startup_ix), ix
 
     ;; ----- Step 6: standard gsinit + argv flow (identical to crt0.s). --
@@ -336,10 +338,13 @@ gpn_skip:
 ;; Runtime data — same layout as crt0.s.  Lives in DATA/BSS which the
 ;; linker places in W2 (--data-loc 0x8000).
 ;; =========================================================================
-    .area _DATA
+    .area _CODE
+;; _estex_startup_ix is written BEFORE gsinit runs (gsinit zeroes _DATA),
+;; so it lives in _CODE — RAM on the Sprinter, always mapped.
 _estex_startup_ix::
     .ds 2
 
+    .area _DATA
 _argc::
     .ds 2
 _argv::
@@ -362,33 +367,44 @@ _w2_self_allocated::
 .endif
 
 ;; =========================================================================
-;; gsinit — copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED, then zero _BSS.  Identical
+;; gsinit — zero _DATA + _BSS, then copy _INITIALIZER -> _INITIALIZED.
-;; to crt0.s; runs AFTER W2 is mapped so writes to _INITIALIZED/_BSS land.
+;; Identical to crt0.s; runs AFTER W2 is mapped so the writes land.
+;; _DATA is zeroed because C guarantees zero-valued statics — initializing
+;; `static uint8_t x;` here lets code drop explicit `= 0` initializers
+;; that would otherwise burn _INITIALIZER bytes in the EXE image.
 ;; =========================================================================
-    .area _GSINIT
+    .area _CODE
-gsinit::
+;; zero_area — fill BC bytes at HL with 0 (BC may be zero).
-    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+zero_area:
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_bss
+    ret   Z
-    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
-    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
-    ldir
-gsinit_bss:
-    ld    bc, #l__BSS
-    ld    a, b
-    or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
-    ld    hl, #s__BSS
     ld    (hl), #0
     dec   bc
     ld    a, b
     or    a, c
-    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ret   Z
     ld    d, h
     ld    e, l
     inc   de
     ldir
+    ret
+
+    .area _GSINIT
+gsinit::
+    ld    hl, #s__DATA
+    ld    bc, #l__DATA
+    call  zero_area
+    ld    hl, #s__BSS
+    ld    bc, #l__BSS
+    call  zero_area
+    ld    bc, #l__INITIALIZER
+    ld    a, b
+    or    a, c
+    jr    Z, gsinit_done
+    ld    de, #s__INITIALIZED
+    ld    hl, #s__INITIALIZER
+    ldir
 gsinit_done:
 
     .area _GSFINAL