Sprinter-SDCC/examples/mdview2/testfiles/BIG.MD

MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

MDView ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ Markdown ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥ Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â ®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

• „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® 128 Š� (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
• „® 16 384 íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
• €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
• ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
• ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
• ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

‡ ¯ãáª

mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï README.MD.

“¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯® ¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); F8 ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì. 8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­  ®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨ ¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

# ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
#### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

†¨à­ë© ⥪á⠢뤥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: **⥪áâ**

Šãàᨢ ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ *⥪áâ* ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï _⥪áâ_

‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤ ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: ~~⥪áâ~~

�¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë -, * ¨«¨ +:

• �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®á⨠¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

�㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

–¨â â 

�«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  >. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬ ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

�«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª  ⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}

ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ ---, *** ¨«¨ ___ ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

• �« âä®à¬ : Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
• Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨: CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, F8)
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« : 128 Š�
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥: 16 384
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ ï ¤«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ ७¤¥à-ªíè¥: 255 ï祥ª (á¬. ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨¥ ­¨¦¥)
• �¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨: small
  • Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  • �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

ˆ§¢¥áâ­ë¥ ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨ï

„«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ? 255 ï祥ª

�¥­¤¥à-ªíè åà ­¨â ª ¦¤ãî «®£¨ç¥áªãî áâப㠪 ª ­¥ ¡®«¥¥ 255 ¯ à (ᨬ¢®«,  âਡãâ) ? ª®­áâ ­â  MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN. ‹¨¬¨â § ¤ ­ ⨯ ¬¨: g_ncells ¨ cache_rec_t.len ? uint8_t. Š á ¥âáï ¢á¥å áâப, ­® § ¬¥â­¥¥ ¢á¥£® ­  £®à¨§®­â «ì­® áªà®««¨à㥬ëå áâப å (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤  ¨ áâப¨ â ¡«¨æ, ä« £ IF_HSCROLL), ª®â®àë¥ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ¬®¦­® «¨áâ âì ¢¯à ¢®.

—â® ¯à®¨á室¨â á ¡®«¥¥ ¤«¨­­®© áâப®©: ¯à¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨ gc_put() ¬®«ç  ®â¡à á뢠¥â ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã ¯®á«¥ 255-© (if (g_ncells < MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN)). ‚ ªíè ¯®¯ ¤ îâ ⮫쪮 ¯¥à¢ë¥ 255 ï祥ª, ®áâ â®ª â¥àï¥âáï ? ¤® ­¥£® ­¥«ì§ï ¤®áªà®««¨âì ¨ ­¥â ¬ àª¥à  ®¡à¥§ª¨ ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨ (¬ àª¥à > ®§­ ç ¥â «¨èì ?¥áâì ¥éñ ¢ ¯à¥¤¥« å ªíè ?). �¥à¥¯®«­¥­¨ï ¡ãä¥à  ­¥â ? gc_put ¯à®¢¥àï¥â £à ­¨æã.

‚ ¦­®: ?255 ï祥ª? ? íâ® **®â७¤¥à¥­­ ï è¨à¨­ **, ­¥ ¡ ©âë ¨á室­¨ª . ’ ¡ë ¢ ª®¤¥ à §¢®à ç¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¯à®¡¥«ë (¤® TAB_STOP),   ï祩ª¨ â ¡«¨æë ¤®¡¨¢ îâáï ¯à®¡¥« ¬¨ ¤® è¨à¨­ë ª®«®­ª¨ + à ¬ª¨ ³ ? ¯®í⮬㠪 ¯ ¤®á⨣ ¥âáï à ­ìè¥, 祬 255 ?¯®«¥§­ëå? ᨬ¢®«®¢.

RAW-०¨¬ (F2) í⮣® «¨¬¨â  ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â ? ®­ à¨áã¥â ¯àאַ ¨§ ä ©«  ¯®¡ ©â®¢®, ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ ¢¨¤­ë 楫¨ª®¬ (ç¥à¥§ wrap F3 ¨«¨ £®à¨§. áªà®««).

**ˆ¤¥ï á­ïâ¨ï «¨¬¨â ** (®æ¥­ª , ­¥ ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®) ? à áè¨à¨âì ¤«¨­ã ¤® uint16_t:

• cache_rec_t.len uint8_t?uint16_t ? áâàãªâãà  ®áâ ñâáï ஢­® 8 ¡ ©â (len áꥤ ¥â ®¤¨­ pad-¡ ©â),  ¤à¥á æ¨ï idx<<3 ­¥ ¬¥­ï¥âáï. �¥á¯« â­®.

• g_ncells / g_ncells_at_space ? uint16_t ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯® ª®¤ã/᪮à®áâ¨: 16-¡¨â­ ï  à¨ä¬¥â¨ª  ­  Z80 ¢ £®àï祬 gc_put (¢ë§®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã) ¨ ¢ scan-横« å. Žà¨¥­â¨à: **+0.2?0.4 Š� ª®¤ ** + § ¬¥¤«¥­¨¥ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨.

• �ãä¥à g_cells[MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN*2] ¢ near-RAM (W2) ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯® ¯ ¬ïâ¨: 2 ? ª ¯ ¡ ©â. ‘¥©ç á 510 �; ª ¯ 512 ? +0.5 Š�, 1024 ? +1.5 Š�. EMM-ªíè ª®­â¥­â  (1 Œ�) ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ âﭥ⠫¥£ª® ? 㧪®¥ ¬¥áâ® ¨¬¥­­® near.

• viewport_x (¨ ª®¯¨ï ¢ docset_t) + ¯®â®«®ª max_vx (ᥩç á 248) ? uint16_t, ¨­ ç¥ åà ­¨âì >255 ¬®¦­®,   ¤®áªà®««¨âì ­¥«ì§ï. �«îá widths[]/ccx ¢ â ¡«¨æ å/ª®¤¥.

  �¥ «¨áâ¨ç­ë© ª®¬¯à®¬¨áá ? ª ¯ 512?1023: 墠â¨â ¯®ç⨠¢á¥¬ «¨á⨭£ ¬/â ¡«¨æ ¬, 業  ~+0.3 Š� ª®¤  ¨ +0.5?1.5 Š� near-RAM. „¥èñ¢ ï ¯®«ã¬¥à  ¡¥§ uint16_t ? áâ ¢¨âì ç¥áâ­ë© ¬ àª¥à ®¡à¥§ª¨ ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨, çâ®¡ë ¯®â¥àï ¡ë«  ¢¨¤­ .

TODO

1. “¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢. ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­® à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­® ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® F8 (¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. “᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ . Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤  ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.

---

Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for Sprinter ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running ESTEX DSS. Host: macOS / Linux. Target: .EXE files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of SDCC 4.5 (vendored in third_party/sdcc/). This repository adds everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX, banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the mkexe utility for producing SprintEXE images.

What you get

• bin/sprinter-cc ? one-line driver: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c
• Memory modes: tiny, small, big, huge, manual ? see below.
• stdio + conio: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
• Graphics: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
• File I/O: POSIX (open/read/write/close/lseek/unlink/creat), FILE* streams (fopen/fgets/fwrite/...), directory listing (ffirst/fnext), chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir, stat/fstat.
• Memory: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
• Mouse: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
• Environment: getenv/putenv/sysenv over ESTEX $46.
• Time: getdatetime/setdatetime + POSIX time/localtime/mktime/asctime/ctime.
• Misc: errno/strerror/perror, atexit, setjmp/longjmp, sleep, full argv parsing in crt0.

Quick start

git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME

Compile a single program:

cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c

That's it ? hello.exe is now a valid SprintEXE you can RUN HELLO from the ESTEX shell.

Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3). DSS allocates pages by program size ? small programs get only one page. Pick a memory mode based on what your program needs:

Mode	Code lives in	Banking	Use when	Note
tiny (default)	W2 (0x8100+)	no	code+data < 14 KB
small	W1-W2 (0x4100+)	no	code+data < 30 KB
big	W2 + W1 banking	yes (W1)	tiny + extra code modules
huge	W1-W2 + W3 banking	yes (W3)	small + extra code modules
manual	user-specified	optional	special layouts	Not implemented

sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c

Banked functions are declared with __banked:

void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped

Examples (27 total)

Example	What it demonstrates
hello	Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors
argv	argv parsing in crt0
cat	File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT
seek	32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file
ls	Directory listing via ffirst/fnext
filetest	FILE* streams (fopen/fread/...)
stattest	stat/fstat on files and directories
errno	errno / strerror / perror
mem_test	Page allocator + bank_read/bank_write
malloc	Heap stress test (200+ allocations)
banked	Banked code in W3 (huge mode)
bankedbg	Banked code in W1 (big mode)
banklocl	Bank-local static data and BSS
mouse	Mouse driver in text mode
gfx_mous	Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode
gfx_demo	320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator
gfx_d16	640?256?16 same primitives
gfx_text	Bitmap-font text on graphics screen
timedir	Date/time + directory listing
ptime	POSIX time API
openenv	open() flags + environment vars
conio	conio API smoke test
attrprob	Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout
strtest	string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib)
stdlib	stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.)
assrtest	assert()
rt_test	Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit)

Headers

Standard:

• <stdio.h> ? puts / printf / FILE* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
• <stdlib.h> ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
• <string.h> / <ctype.h> / <math.h> ? from SDCC z80.lib
• <unistd.h> ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
• <fcntl.h> ? open / creat + O_RDONLY / O_CREAT / ...
• <errno.h> ? errno + error names + strerror
• <sys/stat.h> ? stat / fstat
• <setjmp.h> / <assert.h> ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:

• <conio.h> ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
• <gfx.h> ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_*16 variants)
• <mouse.h> ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
• <dir.h> ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
• <time.h> ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
• <sprinter.h> ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
• <sprinter_exit.h> ? exit / _exit / atexit
• <sprinter_mem.h> ? mem_alloc_pages / mem_free_block / bank_read / bank_write
• <sprinter_compat.h> ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

Toolchain commands

make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary

sprinter-cc options

sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose

Status

What works in v1.0:

• Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
• Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
• Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
• Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
• File I/O, directories, environment, time
• All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see docs/TODO.md):

• Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API ? initgraph / setcolor / circle / getimage / putimage / etc. on top of our gfx_* primitives
• Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see docs/solid_c_compatibility.md
• Manual memory mode
• Rewrite FILE* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:

• IM2 interrupt handlers ? research complete (docs/im2_isr_design.md), implementation scheduled for v3
• Audio API (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
• ISA-8 slot drivers ? requires IM2 (???)

Documentation

• docs/TODO.md ? roadmap and open work items
• docs/solid_c_compatibility.md ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
• docs/im2_isr_design.md ? interrupt handler design (v2)
• docs/converted/ ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture) converted to plain text for grep
• docs/reference/, docs/samples/, docs/memory management/ ? original Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

Repository layout

bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation

License

This repository contains:

• Original code in bin/, toolchain/, runtime/, libc/, lib/, examples/ ? MIT-licensed.
• third_party/sdcc/ ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception (see third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt)
• third_party/solid-c/ ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

Credits

• Sprinter / Peters Plus ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
• SDCC ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
• MAME ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

�â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• SDCC's malloc/free + ­ è runtime/heap.s (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
• libc/mem/mem_alloc.c ? page allocator: mem_alloc_pages/mem_free_block/mem_get_page/mem_info ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $3C/$3D/$3E + BIOS $C4
• libc/mem/bank_io.c ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ bank_read/bank_write/bank_load_byte/bank_store_byte ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
• examples/malloc_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
• examples/mem_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

�â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ runtime/crt0.s)
• Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
• �¥à¥¤ ç  argc/argv ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
• argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
• runtime/crt0_minimal.s ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
• runtime/crt0_banked.s ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
• Bash-®¡ñà⪠ bin/sprinter-cc: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: --memory, --memory-manual, --stack-size, --crt0=, --bank N=FILE.c, --debug, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe

�â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• 8a Graphics core: gfx_init/gfx_done/gfx_clear/gfx_putpixel/gfx_pal_load/gfx_pal_set (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
• 8b ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): gfx_hline/gfx_vline ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), gfx_rect/gfx_fill_rect á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), gfx_line á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. gfx_clear ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
• 8c 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): gfx_*16 API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
• 8d Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout font[row*256+char], gfx_text/gfx_putchar ¤«ï 320 mode, gfx_text16/gfx_putchar16 ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):

• ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

Auto-banking (á¬. memory/banking_roadmap.md ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

• toolchain/auto_bank.py:
  • � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ .rel-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
  • First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
  • “¢ ¦ ¥â #pragma codeseg BANKn ª ª manual override
  • �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ -Wl-b_BANKn=... ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
  • �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative banks.toml, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• �ਬ¥à examples/bank_local_data/ ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
• mkexe -p 0 ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
• Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: --codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1 ¤«ï bank1.c + -Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000 ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. --dataseg BANK1 �€�Ž’€…’ ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
• Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s ? áâ àë© pop af; out (n), a ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© pop bc; out (c), b á®åà ­ï¥â A.
• malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­® ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
• „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), memory/sdcc_banking.md (trampoline fix)
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì check_banks.py çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

�®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? third_party/solid-c/)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. memory/solid_c_findings.md) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â ¢ë᮪®£® ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )

• errno + strerror/perror ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
• � áè¨à¥­­ë© open() ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
• atexit ? 8-callback LIFO + exit() + _exit() (libc/io/atexit.c)
• setjmp/longjmp ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
• sleep(seconds) ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
• ESTEX ENV API ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)

• Mouse driver ? rst $30h, 17 ä㭪権. ‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME.
• ffirst/fnext + ffblk_t struct ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
• getdatetime/setdatetime ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
• chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
• conio: kbhit/getch/getche/cputs/clrscr/gotoxy ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
• conio extras: wherex/wherey ($53), wrchar/rdchar ($58/$57), textmode_get/set ($50/$51), clrscr_attr ($56) + COLOR macros

Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE* ? libc/stdio/file.c + libc/include/stdio.h. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. memory/file_star_design.md ¨ examples/filetest.
• fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp).
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/posix_time.c ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. examples/ptime.

sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/stat.c ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. examples/stattest ¨ memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md.

assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ examples/stdlib_test/: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:

• atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv
• �®«­ë© <string.h> (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
• <ctype.h> (toupper/tolower)
• <math.h> (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. �… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• lib/Makefile ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ .rel,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ lib/sprinter.lib
• ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
• bin/sprinter-cc ? bash-wrapper: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© --crt0=default|minimal|banked, --bank N=FILE.c, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe
• examples/hello_sccc/ ? ¤¥¬®: hello.c ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
• Split putchar.c ? putchar.c + puts.c ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
• ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ make all (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì lib ¯¥à¥¤ examples)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):

• Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
• „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

�â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md.

• tiny: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
• --memory MODE ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ --code-loc/--data-loc. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --memory-manual SPEC: ¯ àá¨â CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• small runtime: runtime/crt0_small.s ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX $3D GETMEM + $3A SETWIN2 çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. �… BIOS $C4 ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
• small auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬: crt0_small.s ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ 0xC2 (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ 0xA2! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• big runtime (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ crt0_banked.s + bank.s ç¥à¥§ .ifdef BANK_W1 ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â BANK_W1 = 1 ¯à¨ --memory big, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ mkexe -B 0x4000. �ਬ¥à examples/banked_big/. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• huge runtime (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ crt0_small.s ¢ crt0_banked.s. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à examples/banked/ ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --debug ä« £: prepend DEBUG_RT = 1 ¢ crt0 + -DDEBUG_RT ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol _w2_self_allocated (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

„¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

Ž¤­  sprinter.lib à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? .rel-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â gfx_core.rel ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

gfx.lib ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

libc_banked (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME) ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ huge mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ --codeseg BANK0 ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? sprinter_home.lib ®â¤¥«ì­®. — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:

• gfx_* ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì 0xC000+ ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
• bank_io (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ OUT (0xE2)
• �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì libc_banked, ®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­® ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ sprinter_home.lib (HOME-only) ¨§ sprinter.lib (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :

sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)

’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï --memory huge runtime.

crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:

• crt0.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny/big: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
• crt0_minimal.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
• crt0_small.s ? ­®¢ë©, step 3: ¤«ï small/huge,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ mem_alloc_pages „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ 0xA2, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
• crt0_banked.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï big: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
• crt0_banked_small.s ? ­®¢ë©: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® --memory mode (ᥩç á --crt0= íâ® override).

• **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â heap_top.s á ___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ runtime/heap_top.s. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c. --memory-manual ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á --memory manual.

Known issues / quirks

• ESTEX $46 ENV API: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6 ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ memory/sprinter_platform.md.

Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? MUST ¤«ï v2

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è gfx_* API ¤® ã஢­ï Turbo-C <graphics.h> (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS. �ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:

• initgraph() / closegraph() ? ã ­ á ᥩç á gfx_init/gfx_done, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
• getmaxx() / getmaxy() ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
• cleardevice() ? alias to gfx_clear
• getgraphmode() / setgraphmode() ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:

• setcolor(c), getcolor() ? current draw color
• setbkcolor(c), getbkcolor() ? background color
• setpalette(idx, c) ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
• getpalette(&info) ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):

• putpixel(x, y, c) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
• getpixel(x, y) ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
• moveto(x, y), lineto(x, y), linerel(dx, dy) ? current point + line drawing
• line(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
• rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
• bar(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
• bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag) ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
• circle(x, y, r), arc(...), ellipse(...), pieslice(...) ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
• fillpoly(), drawpoly() ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
• floodfill(x, y, border_color) ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:

• outtext(s) / outtextxy(x, y, s) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
• settextstyle(font, dir, size) ? multiple bitmap fonts
• gettextsettings(&info)
• textwidth(s) / textheight(s) ? measure

Image manipulation:

• imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? bytes needed for getimage
• getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf) ? save rect to buffer
• putimage(x, y, buf, op) ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:

• setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip) ? drawing clip rect
• getviewsettings(&info)
• clearviewport()
• setactivepage(p) / setvisualpage(p) ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:

• setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness) ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
• getlinesettings(&info)

Acceptance: ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

Notes:

• BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­® ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
• imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
• Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages, ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ examples/ Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? MUST ¤«ï v2

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode. �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:

• Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
• Music playback (AY, COVOX)
• Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
• Async keyboard / mouse handling

Status: Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2. �®«­ë© research + design ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md.

�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥: ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode --memory im2 (¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0). Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md):

• Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL. Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
• Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
• Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
• DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

�à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

• FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢ libc/stdio/file.c íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall). �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë 0 / -1 / -2. Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë© fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬. fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­® (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â). ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ? ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ _F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®© API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢ SRC/CLIB/); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/ fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤. €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:

  • fwrite short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì _F_ERROR
  • fgets(buf, 1, fp) ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  • mode_to_flags ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

• Audio API ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)

• ISA-8 slot support ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

�à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

• #9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style) ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. memory/text_output_api_split.md. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
• Mouse API ¯®«­ë© (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. memory/mouse_api.md. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
• Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  restore SP on EXIT (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
• CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á -aviwrite ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  <setjmp.h> (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
• <time.h> ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME ($21) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
• ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
• Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ sprinter.lib, sdldz80 ¯¨è¥â ?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:

• _puts ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
• ___sdcc_heap ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
• _asctime, _localtime (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è posix_time.c ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's time.rel ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â _RtcRead

’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥: bin/sprinter-cc ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up Library: áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  sdcc. —¥à¥§ -v (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:

• �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit --nostdlib + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
• ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ _puts ? _puts_sprinter + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
• ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

• Port_Y banking trick (docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt): ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ OUT (0x89), Y  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3 ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப). Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick ­¥ à ¡®â ¥â ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨ ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì. Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© docs/samples/plasma2.asm ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â Port_Y per row. �« ­: 1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter 2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (_gfx_putpixel_raw + ¢â®à®© write ¢ 0xD000+x) 3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९஠4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥ ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel) 5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢ _gfx_putpixel_raw (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

  ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
  OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
  release v1.
  

GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï. ‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

• ‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  LD A, (var) ¤«ï block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ® à §à¥è ¥â LD A, (HL), LD A, (BC), LD A, (DE) (­® ­¥ LD A, r). �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk ¨ gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk. ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
• Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. Horizontal_Line_Fill: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ size + LD B,B ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size). „«ï gfx_fill_rect á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨ áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

Bank byte	Effect
0x50	Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë©
0x54	"no copy in main shadow RAM"
0x58	"FF is transparent" ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background
0x5C	both

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî. �â® ¯ãâì ª sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy:

• gfx_set_bank_transparent(on) ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ gfx_set_bank ¤«ï ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
• ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ gfx_blit() çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

LD L,L (horizontal) ¨ LD A,A (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§ 256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory. �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

• gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h) ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite'  (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
• gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h) ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. Draw_Restangle_Data ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨ ¤ ­­ëå. �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:

• XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)

• OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending

• ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

• gfx_xor_rect / gfx_or_rect / gfx_and_rect ? ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬

• gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h) ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á gfx_text / gfx_putchar å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬ (BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â). „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢ ­ã¦­ë:

• gfx_set_font_size(w, h) ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
• gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance) ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  proportional (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
• Big-font ०¨¬ë: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
• ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id) £¤¥ font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
• Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?) ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

• gfx_line ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥© ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï gfx_hline (¨«¨ vline).
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill. ‘¥©ç á gfx_line orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

• gfx_fill_rect á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© gfx_hline/gfx_vline ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal _fill_rect_inner ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.

MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

MDView ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ Markdown ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥ Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â ®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

• „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® 128 Š� (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
• „® 16 384 íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
• €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
• ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
• ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
• ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

‡ ¯ãáª

mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï README.MD.

“¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯® ¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); F8 ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì. 8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­  ®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨ ¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

# ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
#### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

†¨à­ë© ⥪á⠢뤥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: **⥪áâ**

Šãàᨢ ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ *⥪áâ* ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï _⥪áâ_

‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤ ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: ~~⥪áâ~~

�¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë -, * ¨«¨ +:

• �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®á⨠¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

�㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

–¨â â 

�«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  >. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬ ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

�«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª  ⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}

ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ ---, *** ¨«¨ ___ ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

• �« âä®à¬ : Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
• Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨: CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, F8)
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« : 128 Š�
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥: 16 384
• �¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨: small
  • Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  • �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

TODO

1. “¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢. ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­® à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­® ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® F8 (¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. “᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ . Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤  ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.

---

Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for Sprinter ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running ESTEX DSS. Host: macOS / Linux. Target: .EXE files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of SDCC 4.5 (vendored in third_party/sdcc/). This repository adds everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX, banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the mkexe utility for producing SprintEXE images.

What you get

• bin/sprinter-cc ? one-line driver: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c
• Memory modes: tiny, small, big, huge, manual ? see below.
• stdio + conio: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
• Graphics: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
• File I/O: POSIX (open/read/write/close/lseek/unlink/creat), FILE* streams (fopen/fgets/fwrite/...), directory listing (ffirst/fnext), chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir, stat/fstat.
• Memory: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
• Mouse: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
• Environment: getenv/putenv/sysenv over ESTEX $46.
• Time: getdatetime/setdatetime + POSIX time/localtime/mktime/asctime/ctime.
• Misc: errno/strerror/perror, atexit, setjmp/longjmp, sleep, full argv parsing in crt0.

Quick start

git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME

Compile a single program:

cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c

That's it ? hello.exe is now a valid SprintEXE you can RUN HELLO from the ESTEX shell.

Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3). DSS allocates pages by program size ? small programs get only one page. Pick a memory mode based on what your program needs:

Mode	Code lives in	Banking	Use when	Note
tiny (default)	W2 (0x8100+)	no	code+data < 14 KB
small	W1-W2 (0x4100+)	no	code+data < 30 KB
big	W2 + W1 banking	yes (W1)	tiny + extra code modules
huge	W1-W2 + W3 banking	yes (W3)	small + extra code modules
manual	user-specified	optional	special layouts	Not implemented

sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c

Banked functions are declared with __banked:

void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped

Examples (27 total)

Example	What it demonstrates
hello	Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors
argv	argv parsing in crt0
cat	File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT
seek	32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file
ls	Directory listing via ffirst/fnext
filetest	FILE* streams (fopen/fread/...)
stattest	stat/fstat on files and directories
errno	errno / strerror / perror
mem_test	Page allocator + bank_read/bank_write
malloc	Heap stress test (200+ allocations)
banked	Banked code in W3 (huge mode)
bankedbg	Banked code in W1 (big mode)
banklocl	Bank-local static data and BSS
mouse	Mouse driver in text mode
gfx_mous	Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode
gfx_demo	320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator
gfx_d16	640?256?16 same primitives
gfx_text	Bitmap-font text on graphics screen
timedir	Date/time + directory listing
ptime	POSIX time API
openenv	open() flags + environment vars
conio	conio API smoke test
attrprob	Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout
strtest	string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib)
stdlib	stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.)
assrtest	assert()
rt_test	Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit)

Headers

Standard:

• <stdio.h> ? puts / printf / FILE* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
• <stdlib.h> ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
• <string.h> / <ctype.h> / <math.h> ? from SDCC z80.lib
• <unistd.h> ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
• <fcntl.h> ? open / creat + O_RDONLY / O_CREAT / ...
• <errno.h> ? errno + error names + strerror
• <sys/stat.h> ? stat / fstat
• <setjmp.h> / <assert.h> ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:

• <conio.h> ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
• <gfx.h> ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_*16 variants)
• <mouse.h> ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
• <dir.h> ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
• <time.h> ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
• <sprinter.h> ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
• <sprinter_exit.h> ? exit / _exit / atexit
• <sprinter_mem.h> ? mem_alloc_pages / mem_free_block / bank_read / bank_write
• <sprinter_compat.h> ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

Toolchain commands

make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary

sprinter-cc options

sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose

Status

What works in v1.0:

• Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
• Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
• Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
• Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
• File I/O, directories, environment, time
• All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see docs/TODO.md):

• Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API ? initgraph / setcolor / circle / getimage / putimage / etc. on top of our gfx_* primitives
• Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see docs/solid_c_compatibility.md
• Manual memory mode
• Rewrite FILE* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:

• IM2 interrupt handlers ? research complete (docs/im2_isr_design.md), implementation scheduled for v3
• Audio API (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
• ISA-8 slot drivers ? requires IM2 (???)

Documentation

• docs/TODO.md ? roadmap and open work items
• docs/solid_c_compatibility.md ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
• docs/im2_isr_design.md ? interrupt handler design (v2)
• docs/converted/ ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture) converted to plain text for grep
• docs/reference/, docs/samples/, docs/memory management/ ? original Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

Repository layout

bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation

License

This repository contains:

• Original code in bin/, toolchain/, runtime/, libc/, lib/, examples/ ? MIT-licensed.
• third_party/sdcc/ ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception (see third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt)
• third_party/solid-c/ ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

Credits

• Sprinter / Peters Plus ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
• SDCC ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
• MAME ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

�â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• SDCC's malloc/free + ­ è runtime/heap.s (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
• libc/mem/mem_alloc.c ? page allocator: mem_alloc_pages/mem_free_block/mem_get_page/mem_info ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $3C/$3D/$3E + BIOS $C4
• libc/mem/bank_io.c ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ bank_read/bank_write/bank_load_byte/bank_store_byte ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
• examples/malloc_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
• examples/mem_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

�â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ runtime/crt0.s)
• Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
• �¥à¥¤ ç  argc/argv ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
• argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
• runtime/crt0_minimal.s ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
• runtime/crt0_banked.s ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
• Bash-®¡ñà⪠ bin/sprinter-cc: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: --memory, --memory-manual, --stack-size, --crt0=, --bank N=FILE.c, --debug, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe

�â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• 8a Graphics core: gfx_init/gfx_done/gfx_clear/gfx_putpixel/gfx_pal_load/gfx_pal_set (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
• 8b ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): gfx_hline/gfx_vline ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), gfx_rect/gfx_fill_rect á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), gfx_line á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. gfx_clear ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
• 8c 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): gfx_*16 API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
• 8d Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout font[row*256+char], gfx_text/gfx_putchar ¤«ï 320 mode, gfx_text16/gfx_putchar16 ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):

• ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

Auto-banking (á¬. memory/banking_roadmap.md ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

• toolchain/auto_bank.py:
  • � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ .rel-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
  • First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
  • “¢ ¦ ¥â #pragma codeseg BANKn ª ª manual override
  • �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ -Wl-b_BANKn=... ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
  • �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative banks.toml, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• �ਬ¥à examples/bank_local_data/ ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
• mkexe -p 0 ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
• Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: --codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1 ¤«ï bank1.c + -Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000 ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. --dataseg BANK1 �€�Ž’€…’ ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
• Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s ? áâ àë© pop af; out (n), a ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© pop bc; out (c), b á®åà ­ï¥â A.
• malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­® ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
• „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), memory/sdcc_banking.md (trampoline fix)
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì check_banks.py çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

�®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? third_party/solid-c/)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. memory/solid_c_findings.md) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â ¢ë᮪®£® ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )

• errno + strerror/perror ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
• � áè¨à¥­­ë© open() ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
• atexit ? 8-callback LIFO + exit() + _exit() (libc/io/atexit.c)
• setjmp/longjmp ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
• sleep(seconds) ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
• ESTEX ENV API ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)

• Mouse driver ? rst $30h, 17 ä㭪権. ‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME.
• ffirst/fnext + ffblk_t struct ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
• getdatetime/setdatetime ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
• chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
• conio: kbhit/getch/getche/cputs/clrscr/gotoxy ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
• conio extras: wherex/wherey ($53), wrchar/rdchar ($58/$57), textmode_get/set ($50/$51), clrscr_attr ($56) + COLOR macros

Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE* ? libc/stdio/file.c + libc/include/stdio.h. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. memory/file_star_design.md ¨ examples/filetest.
• fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp).
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/posix_time.c ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. examples/ptime.

sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/stat.c ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. examples/stattest ¨ memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md.

assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ examples/stdlib_test/: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:

• atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv
• �®«­ë© <string.h> (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
• <ctype.h> (toupper/tolower)
• <math.h> (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. �… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• lib/Makefile ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ .rel,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ lib/sprinter.lib
• ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
• bin/sprinter-cc ? bash-wrapper: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© --crt0=default|minimal|banked, --bank N=FILE.c, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe
• examples/hello_sccc/ ? ¤¥¬®: hello.c ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
• Split putchar.c ? putchar.c + puts.c ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
• ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ make all (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì lib ¯¥à¥¤ examples)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):

• Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
• „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

�â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md.

• tiny: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
• --memory MODE ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ --code-loc/--data-loc. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --memory-manual SPEC: ¯ àá¨â CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• small runtime: runtime/crt0_small.s ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX $3D GETMEM + $3A SETWIN2 çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. �… BIOS $C4 ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
• small auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬: crt0_small.s ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ 0xC2 (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ 0xA2! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• big runtime (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ crt0_banked.s + bank.s ç¥à¥§ .ifdef BANK_W1 ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â BANK_W1 = 1 ¯à¨ --memory big, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ mkexe -B 0x4000. �ਬ¥à examples/banked_big/. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• huge runtime (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ crt0_small.s ¢ crt0_banked.s. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à examples/banked/ ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --debug ä« £: prepend DEBUG_RT = 1 ¢ crt0 + -DDEBUG_RT ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol _w2_self_allocated (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

„¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

Ž¤­  sprinter.lib à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? .rel-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â gfx_core.rel ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

gfx.lib ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

libc_banked (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME) ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ huge mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ --codeseg BANK0 ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? sprinter_home.lib ®â¤¥«ì­®. — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:

• gfx_* ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì 0xC000+ ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
• bank_io (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ OUT (0xE2)
• �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì libc_banked, ®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­® ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ sprinter_home.lib (HOME-only) ¨§ sprinter.lib (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :

sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)

’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï --memory huge runtime.

crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:

• crt0.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny/big: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
• crt0_minimal.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
• crt0_small.s ? ­®¢ë©, step 3: ¤«ï small/huge,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ mem_alloc_pages „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ 0xA2, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
• crt0_banked.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï big: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
• crt0_banked_small.s ? ­®¢ë©: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® --memory mode (ᥩç á --crt0= íâ® override).

• **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â heap_top.s á ___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ runtime/heap_top.s. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c. --memory-manual ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á --memory manual.

Known issues / quirks

• ESTEX $46 ENV API: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6 ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ memory/sprinter_platform.md.

Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? MUST ¤«ï v2

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è gfx_* API ¤® ã஢­ï Turbo-C <graphics.h> (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS. �ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:

• initgraph() / closegraph() ? ã ­ á ᥩç á gfx_init/gfx_done, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
• getmaxx() / getmaxy() ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
• cleardevice() ? alias to gfx_clear
• getgraphmode() / setgraphmode() ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:

• setcolor(c), getcolor() ? current draw color
• setbkcolor(c), getbkcolor() ? background color
• setpalette(idx, c) ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
• getpalette(&info) ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):

• putpixel(x, y, c) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
• getpixel(x, y) ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
• moveto(x, y), lineto(x, y), linerel(dx, dy) ? current point + line drawing
• line(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
• rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
• bar(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
• bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag) ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
• circle(x, y, r), arc(...), ellipse(...), pieslice(...) ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
• fillpoly(), drawpoly() ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
• floodfill(x, y, border_color) ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:

• outtext(s) / outtextxy(x, y, s) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
• settextstyle(font, dir, size) ? multiple bitmap fonts
• gettextsettings(&info)
• textwidth(s) / textheight(s) ? measure

Image manipulation:

• imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? bytes needed for getimage
• getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf) ? save rect to buffer
• putimage(x, y, buf, op) ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:

• setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip) ? drawing clip rect
• getviewsettings(&info)
• clearviewport()
• setactivepage(p) / setvisualpage(p) ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:

• setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness) ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
• getlinesettings(&info)

Acceptance: ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

Notes:

• BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­® ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
• imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
• Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages, ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ examples/ Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? MUST ¤«ï v2

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode. �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:

• Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
• Music playback (AY, COVOX)
• Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
• Async keyboard / mouse handling

Status: Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2. �®«­ë© research + design ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md.

�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥: ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode --memory im2 (¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0). Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md):

• Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL. Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
• Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
• Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
• DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

�à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

• FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢ libc/stdio/file.c íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall). �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë 0 / -1 / -2. Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë© fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬. fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­® (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â). ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ? ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ _F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®© API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢ SRC/CLIB/); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/ fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤. €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:

  • fwrite short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì _F_ERROR
  • fgets(buf, 1, fp) ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  • mode_to_flags ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

• Audio API ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)

• ISA-8 slot support ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

�à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

• #9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style) ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. memory/text_output_api_split.md. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
• Mouse API ¯®«­ë© (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. memory/mouse_api.md. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
• Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  restore SP on EXIT (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
• CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á -aviwrite ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  <setjmp.h> (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
• <time.h> ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME ($21) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
• ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
• Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ sprinter.lib, sdldz80 ¯¨è¥â ?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:

• _puts ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
• ___sdcc_heap ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
• _asctime, _localtime (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è posix_time.c ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's time.rel ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â _RtcRead

’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥: bin/sprinter-cc ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up Library: áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  sdcc. —¥à¥§ -v (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:

• �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit --nostdlib + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
• ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ _puts ? _puts_sprinter + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
• ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

• Port_Y banking trick (docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt): ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ OUT (0x89), Y  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3 ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப). Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick ­¥ à ¡®â ¥â ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨ ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì. Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© docs/samples/plasma2.asm ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â Port_Y per row. �« ­: 1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter 2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (_gfx_putpixel_raw + ¢â®à®© write ¢ 0xD000+x) 3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९஠4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥ ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel) 5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢ _gfx_putpixel_raw (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

  ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
  OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
  release v1.
  

GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï. ‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

• ‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  LD A, (var) ¤«ï block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ® à §à¥è ¥â LD A, (HL), LD A, (BC), LD A, (DE) (­® ­¥ LD A, r). �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk ¨ gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk. ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
• Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. Horizontal_Line_Fill: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ size + LD B,B ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size). „«ï gfx_fill_rect á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨ áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

Bank byte	Effect
0x50	Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë©
0x54	"no copy in main shadow RAM"
0x58	"FF is transparent" ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background
0x5C	both

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî. �â® ¯ãâì ª sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy:

• gfx_set_bank_transparent(on) ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ gfx_set_bank ¤«ï ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
• ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ gfx_blit() çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

LD L,L (horizontal) ¨ LD A,A (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§ 256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory. �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

• gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h) ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite'  (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
• gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h) ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. Draw_Restangle_Data ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨ ¤ ­­ëå. �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:

• XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)

• OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending

• ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

• gfx_xor_rect / gfx_or_rect / gfx_and_rect ? ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬

• gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h) ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á gfx_text / gfx_putchar å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬ (BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â). „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢ ­ã¦­ë:

• gfx_set_font_size(w, h) ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
• gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance) ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  proportional (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
• Big-font ०¨¬ë: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
• ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id) £¤¥ font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
• Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?) ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

• gfx_line ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥© ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï gfx_hline (¨«¨ vline).
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill. ‘¥©ç á gfx_line orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

• gfx_fill_rect á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© gfx_hline/gfx_vline ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal _fill_rect_inner ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.

MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

MDView ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ Markdown ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥ Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â ®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

• „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® 128 Š� (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
• „® 16 384 íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
• €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
• ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
• ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
• ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

‡ ¯ãáª

mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï README.MD.

“¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯® ¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); F8 ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì. 8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­  ®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨ ¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

# ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
#### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

†¨à­ë© ⥪á⠢뤥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: **⥪áâ**

Šãàᨢ ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ *⥪áâ* ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï _⥪áâ_

‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤ ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: ~~⥪áâ~~

�¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë -, * ¨«¨ +:

• �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®á⨠¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

�㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

–¨â â 

�«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  >. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬ ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

�«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª  ⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}

ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ ---, *** ¨«¨ ___ ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

• �« âä®à¬ : Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
• Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨: CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, F8)
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« : 128 Š�
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥: 16 384
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ ï ¤«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ ७¤¥à-ªíè¥: 255 ï祥ª (á¬. ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨¥ ­¨¦¥)
• �¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨: small
  • Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  • �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

ˆ§¢¥áâ­ë¥ ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨ï

„«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ? 255 ï祥ª

�¥­¤¥à-ªíè åà ­¨â ª ¦¤ãî «®£¨ç¥áªãî áâப㠪 ª ­¥ ¡®«¥¥ 255 ¯ à (ᨬ¢®«,  âਡãâ) ? ª®­áâ ­â  MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN. ‹¨¬¨â § ¤ ­ ⨯ ¬¨: g_ncells ¨ cache_rec_t.len ? uint8_t. Š á ¥âáï ¢á¥å áâப, ­® § ¬¥â­¥¥ ¢á¥£® ­  £®à¨§®­â «ì­® áªà®««¨à㥬ëå áâப å (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤  ¨ áâப¨ â ¡«¨æ, ä« £ IF_HSCROLL), ª®â®àë¥ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ¬®¦­® «¨áâ âì ¢¯à ¢®.

—â® ¯à®¨á室¨â á ¡®«¥¥ ¤«¨­­®© áâப®©: ¯à¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨ gc_put() ¬®«ç  ®â¡à á뢠¥â ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã ¯®á«¥ 255-© (if (g_ncells < MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN)). ‚ ªíè ¯®¯ ¤ îâ ⮫쪮 ¯¥à¢ë¥ 255 ï祥ª, ®áâ â®ª â¥àï¥âáï ? ¤® ­¥£® ­¥«ì§ï ¤®áªà®««¨âì ¨ ­¥â ¬ àª¥à  ®¡à¥§ª¨ ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨ (¬ àª¥à > ®§­ ç ¥â «¨èì ?¥áâì ¥éñ ¢ ¯à¥¤¥« å ªíè ?). �¥à¥¯®«­¥­¨ï ¡ãä¥à  ­¥â ? gc_put ¯à®¢¥àï¥â £à ­¨æã.

‚ ¦­®: ?255 ï祥ª? ? íâ® **®â७¤¥à¥­­ ï è¨à¨­ **, ­¥ ¡ ©âë ¨á室­¨ª . ’ ¡ë ¢ ª®¤¥ à §¢®à ç¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¯à®¡¥«ë (¤® TAB_STOP),   ï祩ª¨ â ¡«¨æë ¤®¡¨¢ îâáï ¯à®¡¥« ¬¨ ¤® è¨à¨­ë ª®«®­ª¨ + à ¬ª¨ ³ ? ¯®í⮬㠪 ¯ ¤®á⨣ ¥âáï à ­ìè¥, 祬 255 ?¯®«¥§­ëå? ᨬ¢®«®¢.

RAW-०¨¬ (F2) í⮣® «¨¬¨â  ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â ? ®­ à¨áã¥â ¯àאַ ¨§ ä ©«  ¯®¡ ©â®¢®, ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ ¢¨¤­ë 楫¨ª®¬ (ç¥à¥§ wrap F3 ¨«¨ £®à¨§. áªà®««).

**ˆ¤¥ï á­ïâ¨ï «¨¬¨â ** (®æ¥­ª , ­¥ ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®) ? à áè¨à¨âì ¤«¨­ã ¤® uint16_t:

• cache_rec_t.len uint8_t?uint16_t ? áâàãªâãà  ®áâ ñâáï ஢­® 8 ¡ ©â (len áꥤ ¥â ®¤¨­ pad-¡ ©â),  ¤à¥á æ¨ï idx<<3 ­¥ ¬¥­ï¥âáï. �¥á¯« â­®.

• g_ncells / g_ncells_at_space ? uint16_t ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯® ª®¤ã/᪮à®áâ¨: 16-¡¨â­ ï  à¨ä¬¥â¨ª  ­  Z80 ¢ £®àï祬 gc_put (¢ë§®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã) ¨ ¢ scan-横« å. Žà¨¥­â¨à: **+0.2?0.4 Š� ª®¤ ** + § ¬¥¤«¥­¨¥ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨.

• �ãä¥à g_cells[MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN*2] ¢ near-RAM (W2) ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯® ¯ ¬ïâ¨: 2 ? ª ¯ ¡ ©â. ‘¥©ç á 510 �; ª ¯ 512 ? +0.5 Š�, 1024 ? +1.5 Š�. EMM-ªíè ª®­â¥­â  (1 Œ�) ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ âﭥ⠫¥£ª® ? 㧪®¥ ¬¥áâ® ¨¬¥­­® near.

• viewport_x (¨ ª®¯¨ï ¢ docset_t) + ¯®â®«®ª max_vx (ᥩç á 248) ? uint16_t, ¨­ ç¥ åà ­¨âì >255 ¬®¦­®,   ¤®áªà®««¨âì ­¥«ì§ï. �«îá widths[]/ccx ¢ â ¡«¨æ å/ª®¤¥.

  �¥ «¨áâ¨ç­ë© ª®¬¯à®¬¨áá ? ª ¯ 512?1023: 墠â¨â ¯®ç⨠¢á¥¬ «¨á⨭£ ¬/â ¡«¨æ ¬, 業  ~+0.3 Š� ª®¤  ¨ +0.5?1.5 Š� near-RAM. „¥èñ¢ ï ¯®«ã¬¥à  ¡¥§ uint16_t ? áâ ¢¨âì ç¥áâ­ë© ¬ àª¥à ®¡à¥§ª¨ ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨, çâ®¡ë ¯®â¥àï ¡ë«  ¢¨¤­ .

TODO

1. “¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢. ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­® à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­® ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® F8 (¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. “᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ . Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤  ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.

---

Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for Sprinter ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running ESTEX DSS. Host: macOS / Linux. Target: .EXE files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of SDCC 4.5 (vendored in third_party/sdcc/). This repository adds everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX, banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the mkexe utility for producing SprintEXE images.

What you get

• bin/sprinter-cc ? one-line driver: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c
• Memory modes: tiny, small, big, huge, manual ? see below.
• stdio + conio: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
• Graphics: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
• File I/O: POSIX (open/read/write/close/lseek/unlink/creat), FILE* streams (fopen/fgets/fwrite/...), directory listing (ffirst/fnext), chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir, stat/fstat.
• Memory: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
• Mouse: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
• Environment: getenv/putenv/sysenv over ESTEX $46.
• Time: getdatetime/setdatetime + POSIX time/localtime/mktime/asctime/ctime.
• Misc: errno/strerror/perror, atexit, setjmp/longjmp, sleep, full argv parsing in crt0.

Quick start

git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME

Compile a single program:

cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c

That's it ? hello.exe is now a valid SprintEXE you can RUN HELLO from the ESTEX shell.

Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3). DSS allocates pages by program size ? small programs get only one page. Pick a memory mode based on what your program needs:

Mode	Code lives in	Banking	Use when	Note
tiny (default)	W2 (0x8100+)	no	code+data < 14 KB
small	W1-W2 (0x4100+)	no	code+data < 30 KB
big	W2 + W1 banking	yes (W1)	tiny + extra code modules
huge	W1-W2 + W3 banking	yes (W3)	small + extra code modules
manual	user-specified	optional	special layouts	Not implemented

sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c

Banked functions are declared with __banked:

void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped

Examples (27 total)

Example	What it demonstrates
hello	Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors
argv	argv parsing in crt0
cat	File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT
seek	32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file
ls	Directory listing via ffirst/fnext
filetest	FILE* streams (fopen/fread/...)
stattest	stat/fstat on files and directories
errno	errno / strerror / perror
mem_test	Page allocator + bank_read/bank_write
malloc	Heap stress test (200+ allocations)
banked	Banked code in W3 (huge mode)
bankedbg	Banked code in W1 (big mode)
banklocl	Bank-local static data and BSS
mouse	Mouse driver in text mode
gfx_mous	Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode
gfx_demo	320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator
gfx_d16	640?256?16 same primitives
gfx_text	Bitmap-font text on graphics screen
timedir	Date/time + directory listing
ptime	POSIX time API
openenv	open() flags + environment vars
conio	conio API smoke test
attrprob	Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout
strtest	string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib)
stdlib	stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.)
assrtest	assert()
rt_test	Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit)

Headers

Standard:

• <stdio.h> ? puts / printf / FILE* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
• <stdlib.h> ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
• <string.h> / <ctype.h> / <math.h> ? from SDCC z80.lib
• <unistd.h> ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
• <fcntl.h> ? open / creat + O_RDONLY / O_CREAT / ...
• <errno.h> ? errno + error names + strerror
• <sys/stat.h> ? stat / fstat
• <setjmp.h> / <assert.h> ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:

• <conio.h> ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
• <gfx.h> ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_*16 variants)
• <mouse.h> ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
• <dir.h> ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
• <time.h> ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
• <sprinter.h> ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
• <sprinter_exit.h> ? exit / _exit / atexit
• <sprinter_mem.h> ? mem_alloc_pages / mem_free_block / bank_read / bank_write
• <sprinter_compat.h> ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

Toolchain commands

make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary

sprinter-cc options

sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose

Status

What works in v1.0:

• Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
• Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
• Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
• Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
• File I/O, directories, environment, time
• All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see docs/TODO.md):

• Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API ? initgraph / setcolor / circle / getimage / putimage / etc. on top of our gfx_* primitives
• Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see docs/solid_c_compatibility.md
• Manual memory mode
• Rewrite FILE* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:

• IM2 interrupt handlers ? research complete (docs/im2_isr_design.md), implementation scheduled for v3
• Audio API (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
• ISA-8 slot drivers ? requires IM2 (???)

Documentation

• docs/TODO.md ? roadmap and open work items
• docs/solid_c_compatibility.md ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
• docs/im2_isr_design.md ? interrupt handler design (v2)
• docs/converted/ ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture) converted to plain text for grep
• docs/reference/, docs/samples/, docs/memory management/ ? original Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

Repository layout

bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation

License

This repository contains:

• Original code in bin/, toolchain/, runtime/, libc/, lib/, examples/ ? MIT-licensed.
• third_party/sdcc/ ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception (see third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt)
• third_party/solid-c/ ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

Credits

• Sprinter / Peters Plus ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
• SDCC ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
• MAME ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

�â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• SDCC's malloc/free + ­ è runtime/heap.s (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
• libc/mem/mem_alloc.c ? page allocator: mem_alloc_pages/mem_free_block/mem_get_page/mem_info ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $3C/$3D/$3E + BIOS $C4
• libc/mem/bank_io.c ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ bank_read/bank_write/bank_load_byte/bank_store_byte ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
• examples/malloc_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
• examples/mem_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

�â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ runtime/crt0.s)
• Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
• �¥à¥¤ ç  argc/argv ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
• argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
• runtime/crt0_minimal.s ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
• runtime/crt0_banked.s ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
• Bash-®¡ñà⪠ bin/sprinter-cc: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: --memory, --memory-manual, --stack-size, --crt0=, --bank N=FILE.c, --debug, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe

�â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• 8a Graphics core: gfx_init/gfx_done/gfx_clear/gfx_putpixel/gfx_pal_load/gfx_pal_set (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
• 8b ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): gfx_hline/gfx_vline ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), gfx_rect/gfx_fill_rect á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), gfx_line á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. gfx_clear ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
• 8c 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): gfx_*16 API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
• 8d Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout font[row*256+char], gfx_text/gfx_putchar ¤«ï 320 mode, gfx_text16/gfx_putchar16 ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):

• ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

Auto-banking (á¬. memory/banking_roadmap.md ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

• toolchain/auto_bank.py:
  • � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ .rel-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
  • First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
  • “¢ ¦ ¥â #pragma codeseg BANKn ª ª manual override
  • �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ -Wl-b_BANKn=... ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
  • �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative banks.toml, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• �ਬ¥à examples/bank_local_data/ ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
• mkexe -p 0 ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
• Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: --codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1 ¤«ï bank1.c + -Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000 ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. --dataseg BANK1 �€�Ž’€…’ ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
• Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s ? áâ àë© pop af; out (n), a ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© pop bc; out (c), b á®åà ­ï¥â A.
• malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­® ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
• „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), memory/sdcc_banking.md (trampoline fix)
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì check_banks.py çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

�®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? third_party/solid-c/)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. memory/solid_c_findings.md) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â ¢ë᮪®£® ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )

• errno + strerror/perror ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
• � áè¨à¥­­ë© open() ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
• atexit ? 8-callback LIFO + exit() + _exit() (libc/io/atexit.c)
• setjmp/longjmp ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
• sleep(seconds) ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
• ESTEX ENV API ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)

• Mouse driver ? rst $30h, 17 ä㭪権. ‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME.
• ffirst/fnext + ffblk_t struct ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
• getdatetime/setdatetime ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
• chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
• conio: kbhit/getch/getche/cputs/clrscr/gotoxy ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
• conio extras: wherex/wherey ($53), wrchar/rdchar ($58/$57), textmode_get/set ($50/$51), clrscr_attr ($56) + COLOR macros

Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE* ? libc/stdio/file.c + libc/include/stdio.h. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. memory/file_star_design.md ¨ examples/filetest.
• fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp).
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/posix_time.c ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. examples/ptime.

sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/stat.c ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. examples/stattest ¨ memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md.

assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ examples/stdlib_test/: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:

• atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv
• �®«­ë© <string.h> (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
• <ctype.h> (toupper/tolower)
• <math.h> (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. �… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• lib/Makefile ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ .rel,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ lib/sprinter.lib
• ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
• bin/sprinter-cc ? bash-wrapper: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© --crt0=default|minimal|banked, --bank N=FILE.c, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe
• examples/hello_sccc/ ? ¤¥¬®: hello.c ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
• Split putchar.c ? putchar.c + puts.c ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
• ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ make all (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì lib ¯¥à¥¤ examples)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):

• Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
• „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

�â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md.

• tiny: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
• --memory MODE ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ --code-loc/--data-loc. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --memory-manual SPEC: ¯ àá¨â CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• small runtime: runtime/crt0_small.s ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX $3D GETMEM + $3A SETWIN2 çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. �… BIOS $C4 ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
• small auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬: crt0_small.s ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ 0xC2 (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ 0xA2! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• big runtime (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ crt0_banked.s + bank.s ç¥à¥§ .ifdef BANK_W1 ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â BANK_W1 = 1 ¯à¨ --memory big, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ mkexe -B 0x4000. �ਬ¥à examples/banked_big/. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• huge runtime (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ crt0_small.s ¢ crt0_banked.s. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à examples/banked/ ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --debug ä« £: prepend DEBUG_RT = 1 ¢ crt0 + -DDEBUG_RT ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol _w2_self_allocated (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

„¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

Ž¤­  sprinter.lib à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? .rel-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â gfx_core.rel ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

gfx.lib ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

libc_banked (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME) ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ huge mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ --codeseg BANK0 ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? sprinter_home.lib ®â¤¥«ì­®. — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:

• gfx_* ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì 0xC000+ ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
• bank_io (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ OUT (0xE2)
• �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì libc_banked, ®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­® ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ sprinter_home.lib (HOME-only) ¨§ sprinter.lib (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :

sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)

’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï --memory huge runtime.

crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:

• crt0.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny/big: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
• crt0_minimal.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
• crt0_small.s ? ­®¢ë©, step 3: ¤«ï small/huge,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ mem_alloc_pages „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ 0xA2, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
• crt0_banked.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï big: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
• crt0_banked_small.s ? ­®¢ë©: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® --memory mode (ᥩç á --crt0= íâ® override).

• **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â heap_top.s á ___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ runtime/heap_top.s. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c. --memory-manual ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á --memory manual.

Known issues / quirks

• ESTEX $46 ENV API: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6 ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ memory/sprinter_platform.md.

Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? MUST ¤«ï v2

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è gfx_* API ¤® ã஢­ï Turbo-C <graphics.h> (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS. �ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:

• initgraph() / closegraph() ? ã ­ á ᥩç á gfx_init/gfx_done, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
• getmaxx() / getmaxy() ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
• cleardevice() ? alias to gfx_clear
• getgraphmode() / setgraphmode() ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:

• setcolor(c), getcolor() ? current draw color
• setbkcolor(c), getbkcolor() ? background color
• setpalette(idx, c) ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
• getpalette(&info) ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):

• putpixel(x, y, c) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
• getpixel(x, y) ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
• moveto(x, y), lineto(x, y), linerel(dx, dy) ? current point + line drawing
• line(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
• rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
• bar(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
• bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag) ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
• circle(x, y, r), arc(...), ellipse(...), pieslice(...) ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
• fillpoly(), drawpoly() ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
• floodfill(x, y, border_color) ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:

• outtext(s) / outtextxy(x, y, s) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
• settextstyle(font, dir, size) ? multiple bitmap fonts
• gettextsettings(&info)
• textwidth(s) / textheight(s) ? measure

Image manipulation:

• imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? bytes needed for getimage
• getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf) ? save rect to buffer
• putimage(x, y, buf, op) ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:

• setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip) ? drawing clip rect
• getviewsettings(&info)
• clearviewport()
• setactivepage(p) / setvisualpage(p) ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:

• setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness) ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
• getlinesettings(&info)

Acceptance: ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

Notes:

• BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­® ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
• imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
• Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages, ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ examples/ Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? MUST ¤«ï v2

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode. �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:

• Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
• Music playback (AY, COVOX)
• Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
• Async keyboard / mouse handling

Status: Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2. �®«­ë© research + design ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md.

�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥: ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode --memory im2 (¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0). Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md):

• Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL. Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
• Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
• Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
• DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

�à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

• FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢ libc/stdio/file.c íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall). �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë 0 / -1 / -2. Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë© fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬. fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­® (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â). ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ? ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ _F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®© API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢ SRC/CLIB/); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/ fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤. €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:

  • fwrite short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì _F_ERROR
  • fgets(buf, 1, fp) ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  • mode_to_flags ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

• Audio API ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)

• ISA-8 slot support ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

�à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

• #9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style) ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. memory/text_output_api_split.md. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
• Mouse API ¯®«­ë© (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. memory/mouse_api.md. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
• Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  restore SP on EXIT (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
• CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á -aviwrite ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  <setjmp.h> (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
• <time.h> ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME ($21) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
• ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
• Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ sprinter.lib, sdldz80 ¯¨è¥â ?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:

• _puts ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
• ___sdcc_heap ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
• _asctime, _localtime (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è posix_time.c ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's time.rel ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â _RtcRead

’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥: bin/sprinter-cc ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up Library: áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  sdcc. —¥à¥§ -v (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:

• �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit --nostdlib + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
• ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ _puts ? _puts_sprinter + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
• ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

• Port_Y banking trick (docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt): ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ OUT (0x89), Y  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3 ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப). Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick ­¥ à ¡®â ¥â ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨ ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì. Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© docs/samples/plasma2.asm ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â Port_Y per row. �« ­: 1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter 2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (_gfx_putpixel_raw + ¢â®à®© write ¢ 0xD000+x) 3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९஠4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥ ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel) 5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢ _gfx_putpixel_raw (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

  ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
  OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
  release v1.
  

GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï. ‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

• ‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  LD A, (var) ¤«ï block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ® à §à¥è ¥â LD A, (HL), LD A, (BC), LD A, (DE) (­® ­¥ LD A, r). �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk ¨ gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk. ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
• Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. Horizontal_Line_Fill: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ size + LD B,B ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size). „«ï gfx_fill_rect á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨ áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

Bank byte	Effect
0x50	Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë©
0x54	"no copy in main shadow RAM"
0x58	"FF is transparent" ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background
0x5C	both

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî. �â® ¯ãâì ª sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy:

• gfx_set_bank_transparent(on) ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ gfx_set_bank ¤«ï ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
• ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ gfx_blit() çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

LD L,L (horizontal) ¨ LD A,A (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§ 256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory. �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

• gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h) ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite'  (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
• gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h) ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. Draw_Restangle_Data ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨ ¤ ­­ëå. �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:

• XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)

• OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending

• ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

• gfx_xor_rect / gfx_or_rect / gfx_and_rect ? ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬

• gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h) ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á gfx_text / gfx_putchar å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬ (BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â). „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢ ­ã¦­ë:

• gfx_set_font_size(w, h) ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
• gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance) ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  proportional (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
• Big-font ०¨¬ë: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
• ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id) £¤¥ font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
• Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?) ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

• gfx_line ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥© ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï gfx_hline (¨«¨ vline).
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill. ‘¥©ç á gfx_line orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

• gfx_fill_rect á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© gfx_hline/gfx_vline ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal _fill_rect_inner ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.

MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

MDView ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ Markdown ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥ Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â ®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

• „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® 128 Š� (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
• „® 16 384 íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
• €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
• ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
• ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
• ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

‡ ¯ãáª

mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï README.MD.

“¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯® ¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); F8 ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì. 8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­  ®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨ ¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

# ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
#### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

†¨à­ë© ⥪á⠢뤥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: **⥪áâ**

Šãàᨢ ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ *⥪áâ* ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï _⥪áâ_

‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤ ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: ~~⥪áâ~~

�¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë -, * ¨«¨ +:

• �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
• ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®á⨠¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

�㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

–¨â â 

�«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  >. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬ ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

�«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª  ⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}

ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ ---, *** ¨«¨ ___ ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

• �« âä®à¬ : Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
• Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨: CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, F8)
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« : 128 Š�
• Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥: 16 384
• �¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨: small
  • Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  • �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

TODO

1. “¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢. ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­® à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­® ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® F8 (¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. “᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ . Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤  ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.

---

Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for Sprinter ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running ESTEX DSS. Host: macOS / Linux. Target: .EXE files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of SDCC 4.5 (vendored in third_party/sdcc/). This repository adds everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX, banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the mkexe utility for producing SprintEXE images.

What you get

• bin/sprinter-cc ? one-line driver: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c
• Memory modes: tiny, small, big, huge, manual ? see below.
• stdio + conio: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
• Graphics: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
• File I/O: POSIX (open/read/write/close/lseek/unlink/creat), FILE* streams (fopen/fgets/fwrite/...), directory listing (ffirst/fnext), chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir, stat/fstat.
• Memory: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
• Mouse: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
• Environment: getenv/putenv/sysenv over ESTEX $46.
• Time: getdatetime/setdatetime + POSIX time/localtime/mktime/asctime/ctime.
• Misc: errno/strerror/perror, atexit, setjmp/longjmp, sleep, full argv parsing in crt0.

Quick start

git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME

Compile a single program:

cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c

That's it ? hello.exe is now a valid SprintEXE you can RUN HELLO from the ESTEX shell.

Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3). DSS allocates pages by program size ? small programs get only one page. Pick a memory mode based on what your program needs:

Mode	Code lives in	Banking	Use when	Note
tiny (default)	W2 (0x8100+)	no	code+data < 14 KB
small	W1-W2 (0x4100+)	no	code+data < 30 KB
big	W2 + W1 banking	yes (W1)	tiny + extra code modules
huge	W1-W2 + W3 banking	yes (W3)	small + extra code modules
manual	user-specified	optional	special layouts	Not implemented

sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c

Banked functions are declared with __banked:

void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped

Examples (27 total)

Example	What it demonstrates
hello	Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors
argv	argv parsing in crt0
cat	File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT
seek	32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file
ls	Directory listing via ffirst/fnext
filetest	FILE* streams (fopen/fread/...)
stattest	stat/fstat on files and directories
errno	errno / strerror / perror
mem_test	Page allocator + bank_read/bank_write
malloc	Heap stress test (200+ allocations)
banked	Banked code in W3 (huge mode)
bankedbg	Banked code in W1 (big mode)
banklocl	Bank-local static data and BSS
mouse	Mouse driver in text mode
gfx_mous	Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode
gfx_demo	320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator
gfx_d16	640?256?16 same primitives
gfx_text	Bitmap-font text on graphics screen
timedir	Date/time + directory listing
ptime	POSIX time API
openenv	open() flags + environment vars
conio	conio API smoke test
attrprob	Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout
strtest	string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib)
stdlib	stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.)
assrtest	assert()
rt_test	Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit)

Headers

Standard:

• <stdio.h> ? puts / printf / FILE* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
• <stdlib.h> ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
• <string.h> / <ctype.h> / <math.h> ? from SDCC z80.lib
• <unistd.h> ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
• <fcntl.h> ? open / creat + O_RDONLY / O_CREAT / ...
• <errno.h> ? errno + error names + strerror
• <sys/stat.h> ? stat / fstat
• <setjmp.h> / <assert.h> ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:

• <conio.h> ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
• <gfx.h> ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_*16 variants)
• <mouse.h> ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
• <dir.h> ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
• <time.h> ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
• <sprinter.h> ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
• <sprinter_exit.h> ? exit / _exit / atexit
• <sprinter_mem.h> ? mem_alloc_pages / mem_free_block / bank_read / bank_write
• <sprinter_compat.h> ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

Toolchain commands

make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary

sprinter-cc options

sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose

Status

What works in v1.0:

• Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
• Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
• Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
• Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
• File I/O, directories, environment, time
• All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see docs/TODO.md):

• Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API ? initgraph / setcolor / circle / getimage / putimage / etc. on top of our gfx_* primitives
• Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see docs/solid_c_compatibility.md
• Manual memory mode
• Rewrite FILE* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:

• IM2 interrupt handlers ? research complete (docs/im2_isr_design.md), implementation scheduled for v3
• Audio API (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
• ISA-8 slot drivers ? requires IM2 (???)

Documentation

• docs/TODO.md ? roadmap and open work items
• docs/solid_c_compatibility.md ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
• docs/im2_isr_design.md ? interrupt handler design (v2)
• docs/converted/ ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture) converted to plain text for grep
• docs/reference/, docs/samples/, docs/memory management/ ? original Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

Repository layout

bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation

License

This repository contains:

• Original code in bin/, toolchain/, runtime/, libc/, lib/, examples/ ? MIT-licensed.
• third_party/sdcc/ ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception (see third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt)
• third_party/solid-c/ ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

Credits

• Sprinter / Peters Plus ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
• SDCC ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
• MAME ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

�â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• SDCC's malloc/free + ­ è runtime/heap.s (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
• libc/mem/mem_alloc.c ? page allocator: mem_alloc_pages/mem_free_block/mem_get_page/mem_info ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $3C/$3D/$3E + BIOS $C4
• libc/mem/bank_io.c ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ bank_read/bank_write/bank_load_byte/bank_store_byte ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
• examples/malloc_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
• examples/mem_test/ ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

�â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ runtime/crt0.s)
• Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
• �¥à¥¤ ç  argc/argv ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
• argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
• runtime/crt0_minimal.s ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
• runtime/crt0_banked.s ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
• Bash-®¡ñà⪠ bin/sprinter-cc: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: --memory, --memory-manual, --stack-size, --crt0=, --bank N=FILE.c, --debug, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe

�â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• 8a Graphics core: gfx_init/gfx_done/gfx_clear/gfx_putpixel/gfx_pal_load/gfx_pal_set (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
• 8b ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): gfx_hline/gfx_vline ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), gfx_rect/gfx_fill_rect á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), gfx_line á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. gfx_clear ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
• 8c 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): gfx_*16 API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
• 8d Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout font[row*256+char], gfx_text/gfx_putchar ¤«ï 320 mode, gfx_text16/gfx_putchar16 ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):

• ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

Auto-banking (á¬. memory/banking_roadmap.md ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

• toolchain/auto_bank.py:
  • � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ .rel-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
  • First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
  • “¢ ¦ ¥â #pragma codeseg BANKn ª ª manual override
  • �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ -Wl-b_BANKn=... ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
  • �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative banks.toml, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• �ਬ¥à examples/bank_local_data/ ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
• mkexe -p 0 ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
• Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: --codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1 ¤«ï bank1.c + -Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000 ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. --dataseg BANK1 �€�Ž’€…’ ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
• Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s ? áâ àë© pop af; out (n), a ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© pop bc; out (c), b á®åà ­ï¥â A.
• malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­® ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
• „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), memory/sdcc_banking.md (trampoline fix)
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì check_banks.py çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

�®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? third_party/solid-c/)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. memory/solid_c_findings.md) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â ¢ë᮪®£® ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )

• errno + strerror/perror ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
• � áè¨à¥­­ë© open() ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
• atexit ? 8-callback LIFO + exit() + _exit() (libc/io/atexit.c)
• setjmp/longjmp ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
• sleep(seconds) ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
• ESTEX ENV API ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)

• Mouse driver ? rst $30h, 17 ä㭪権. ‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME.
• ffirst/fnext + ffblk_t struct ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
• getdatetime/setdatetime ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
• chdir/getcwd/mkdir/rmdir ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
• conio: kbhit/getch/getche/cputs/clrscr/gotoxy ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
• conio extras: wherex/wherey ($53), wrchar/rdchar ($58/$57), textmode_get/set ($50/$51), clrscr_attr ($56) + COLOR macros

Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE* ? libc/stdio/file.c + libc/include/stdio.h. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. memory/file_star_design.md ¨ examples/filetest.
• fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp).
• Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/posix_time.c ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. examples/ptime.

sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• libc/io/stat.c ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. examples/stattest ¨ memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md.

assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ examples/stdlib_test/: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:

• atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv
• �®«­ë© <string.h> (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
• <ctype.h> (toupper/tolower)
• <math.h> (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. �… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

• lib/Makefile ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ .rel,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ lib/sprinter.lib
• ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
• bin/sprinter-cc ? bash-wrapper: sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c ®¤­®© áâப®©
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© --crt0=default|minimal|banked, --bank N=FILE.c, -I, -L/-E/-S, -Wl, --mkexe
• examples/hello_sccc/ ? ¤¥¬®: hello.c ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
• Split putchar.c ? putchar.c + puts.c ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
• ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ make all (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì lib ¯¥à¥¤ examples)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):

• Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
• „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

�â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md.

• tiny: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
• --memory MODE ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ --code-loc/--data-loc. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --memory-manual SPEC: ¯ àá¨â CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• small runtime: runtime/crt0_small.s ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX $3D GETMEM + $3A SETWIN2 çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. �… BIOS $C4 ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
• small auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬: crt0_small.s ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ 0xC2 (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ 0xA2! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• big runtime (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ crt0_banked.s + bank.s ç¥à¥§ .ifdef BANK_W1 ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â BANK_W1 = 1 ¯à¨ --memory big, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ mkexe -B 0x4000. �ਬ¥à examples/banked_big/. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• huge runtime (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ crt0_small.s ¢ crt0_banked.s. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à examples/banked/ ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
• --debug ä« £: prepend DEBUG_RT = 1 ¢ crt0 + -DDEBUG_RT ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol _w2_self_allocated (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

„¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

Ž¤­  sprinter.lib à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? .rel-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â gfx_core.rel ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

gfx.lib ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

libc_banked (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME) ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ huge mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ --codeseg BANK0 ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? sprinter_home.lib ®â¤¥«ì­®. — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:

• gfx_* ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì 0xC000+ ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
• bank_io (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ OUT (0xE2)
• �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì libc_banked, ®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­® ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ sprinter_home.lib (HOME-only) ¨§ sprinter.lib (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :

sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)

’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï --memory huge runtime.

crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:

• crt0.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny/big: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
• crt0_minimal.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
• crt0_small.s ? ­®¢ë©, step 3: ¤«ï small/huge,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ mem_alloc_pages „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ 0xA2, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
• crt0_banked.s ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï big: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
• crt0_banked_small.s ? ­®¢ë©: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® --memory mode (ᥩç á --crt0= íâ® override).

• **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â heap_top.s á ___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ runtime/heap_top.s. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c. --memory-manual ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á --memory manual.

Known issues / quirks

• ESTEX $46 ENV API: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6 ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ memory/sprinter_platform.md.

Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? MUST ¤«ï v2

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è gfx_* API ¤® ã஢­ï Turbo-C <graphics.h> (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS. �ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:

• initgraph() / closegraph() ? ã ­ á ᥩç á gfx_init/gfx_done, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
• getmaxx() / getmaxy() ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
• cleardevice() ? alias to gfx_clear
• getgraphmode() / setgraphmode() ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:

• setcolor(c), getcolor() ? current draw color
• setbkcolor(c), getbkcolor() ? background color
• setpalette(idx, c) ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
• getpalette(&info) ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):

• putpixel(x, y, c) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
• getpixel(x, y) ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
• moveto(x, y), lineto(x, y), linerel(dx, dy) ? current point + line drawing
• line(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
• rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
• bar(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
• bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag) ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
• circle(x, y, r), arc(...), ellipse(...), pieslice(...) ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
• fillpoly(), drawpoly() ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
• floodfill(x, y, border_color) ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:

• outtext(s) / outtextxy(x, y, s) ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
• settextstyle(font, dir, size) ? multiple bitmap fonts
• gettextsettings(&info)
• textwidth(s) / textheight(s) ? measure

Image manipulation:

• imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2) ? bytes needed for getimage
• getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf) ? save rect to buffer
• putimage(x, y, buf, op) ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:

• setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip) ? drawing clip rect
• getviewsettings(&info)
• clearviewport()
• setactivepage(p) / setvisualpage(p) ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:

• setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness) ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
• getlinesettings(&info)

Acceptance: ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

Notes:

• BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­® ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
• imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
• Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages, ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ examples/ Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? MUST ¤«ï v2

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode. �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:

• Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
• Music playback (AY, COVOX)
• Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
• Async keyboard / mouse handling

Status: Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2. �®«­ë© research + design ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md.

�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥: ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode --memory im2 (¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0). Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ docs/im2_isr_design.md):

• Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL. Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
• Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
• Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
• DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

�à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

• FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢ libc/stdio/file.c íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall). �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë 0 / -1 / -2. Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë© fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬. fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­® (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â). ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ? ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ _F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®© API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢ SRC/CLIB/); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/ fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤. €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:

  • fwrite short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì _F_ERROR
  • fgets(buf, 1, fp) ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  • mode_to_flags ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

• Audio API ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)

• ISA-8 slot support ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

�à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

• #9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style) ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. memory/text_output_api_split.md. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
• Mouse API ¯®«­ë© (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. memory/mouse_api.md. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
• Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  restore SP on EXIT (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
• CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á -aviwrite ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  <setjmp.h> (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
• <time.h> ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME ($21) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
• ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
• Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ sprinter.lib, sdldz80 ¯¨è¥â ?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:

• _puts ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
• ___sdcc_heap ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
• _asctime, _localtime (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è posix_time.c ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's time.rel ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â _RtcRead

’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥: bin/sprinter-cc ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up Library: áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  sdcc. —¥à¥§ -v (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:

• �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit --nostdlib + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
• ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ _puts ? _puts_sprinter + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
• ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

• Port_Y banking trick (docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt): ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ OUT (0x89), Y  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3 ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப). Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick ­¥ à ¡®â ¥â ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨ ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì. Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© docs/samples/plasma2.asm ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â Port_Y per row. �« ­: 1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter 2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (_gfx_putpixel_raw + ¢â®à®© write ¢ 0xD000+x) 3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९஠4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥ ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel) 5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢ _gfx_putpixel_raw (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

  ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
  OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
  release v1.
  

GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï. ‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

• ‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  LD A, (var) ¤«ï block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ® à §à¥è ¥â LD A, (HL), LD A, (BC), LD A, (DE) (­® ­¥ LD A, r). �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk ¨ gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk. ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
• Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size. „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. Horizontal_Line_Fill: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ size + LD B,B ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size). „«ï gfx_fill_rect á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨ áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

Bank byte	Effect
0x50	Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë©
0x54	"no copy in main shadow RAM"
0x58	"FF is transparent" ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background
0x5C	both

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî. �â® ¯ãâì ª sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy:

• gfx_set_bank_transparent(on) ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ gfx_set_bank ¤«ï ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
• ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ gfx_blit() çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

LD L,L (horizontal) ¨ LD A,A (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§ 256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory. �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

• gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h) ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite'  (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
• gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h) ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. Draw_Restangle_Data ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨ ¤ ­­ëå. �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:

• XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)

• OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending

• ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

• gfx_xor_rect / gfx_or_rect / gfx_and_rect ? ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬

• gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h) ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á gfx_text / gfx_putchar å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬ (BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â). „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢ ­ã¦­ë:

• gfx_set_font_size(w, h) ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
• gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance) ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
• �®¤¤¥à¦ª  proportional (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
• Big-font ०¨¬ë: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
• ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id) £¤¥ font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
• Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?) ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

• gfx_line ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥© ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï gfx_hline (¨«¨ vline).
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill. ‘¥©ç á gfx_line orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

• gfx_fill_rect á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© gfx_hline/gfx_vline ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal _fill_rect_inner ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.