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Sprinter-SDCC/docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt
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snark13 c71e249a4e Add full compiler toolchain, libc, examples and reference docs 
First substantive commit: the entire Sprinter C compiler tree on top of
the bare README+gitignore initial commit.

What's in here:
  bin/sprinter-cc        — driver script invoking SDCC + linker + mkexe
  libc/                  — Sprinter-specific libc layer over ESTEX/BIOS
                           (conio, gfx, io, mem, stdio + headers)
  runtime/               — crt0 variants (default/small/banked/minimal)
                           + heap + bank trampolines
  toolchain/             — mkexe (SprintEXE packer, C + tests)
  examples/              — 30 demo programs (gfx, file I/O, env, time, …)
  lib/Makefile           — builds the libc archive (sprinter.lib)
  docs/                  — converted Sprinter manuals + asm reference samples
  third_party/           — solid-c reference compiler dump + sdcc setup script
  release_docs/          — packaging / release notes

gitignore overhaul:
  • Drop dangerous blanket patterns: *.asm (would hide docs/samples/*.asm)
    and *.exe (case-insensitive match was hiding third_party/solid-c/*.EXE
    on macOS APFS).  Replaced with examples/*/*.{asm,exe,…} and lib/*.lib.
  • Restore tracking of toolchain/mkexe/tests/{one,big}.bin — those are
    INPUT fixtures, not build outputs.
  • Collapse the duplicated SDCC/C/Sdcc sections into one section per
    concern (build outputs / vendored / OS-junk).
  • Add .sprinter-cc-*/, build/ (catches lib/build/ too), .claude/.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-06-03 16:13:21 +03:00

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The Accelerator
The Accelerator is the internal device realised by PLD. Almost all configurations of Sprinter include the Accelerator with different sets of commands. Below we described the Accelerator for Sprinter Configuration.
The Accelerator serves for acceleration of data blocks transfer as fast as possible (today, up to a physical speed limit of the RAM). The Accelerator supports data blocks transfer of RAM and Video-RAM. And it is not supports data blocks transfer of ROM and FastRAM.
The Accelerator allows:
- fast filling of horizontal or vertical screen line of 1-256 pixels by one color (in 640x256 mode - one/double horizontal line of 1-512 pixels).
- fast copying of horizontal or vertical screen line of 1-256 pixels (in 640x256 mode - horizontal line of 1-512 pixels).
- use AND, OR and XOR operations with data blocks.
The Accelerator has 256 bytes of memory that used for the data transfers. This Accelerator memory is a part of PLD internal memory. Data transfer begin when you load that data block to the Accelerator memory. Next that block is copying to the selected part of RAM. Last operation can be repeated as often as you need. It is a way for filling the screen by textures.
Another mode is used for filling a screen by one color. The screen is filling by one byte from CPU bus.
For control the Accelerator from a program use following CPU commands:
LD B, B - Switch the Accelerator off.
LD D, D - Switch the Accelerator in the mode of load a byte of block size.
Next command is "LD A, dat" where "dat" is a new block size.
LD C, C - Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode for horizontal line.
Next command "LD (HL), A" will fill all bytes by value of A.
LD E, E - Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode for vertical line.
LD H, H - Reserved.
LD L, L - Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode for horizontal line of the screen.
Next command "LD A, (HL)" will fill the Accelerator memory by value of (HL).
And the command "LD (DE), A" will copy the data from the Accelerator memory to RAM or to VideoRAM.
LD A, A - Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode for vertical line of the screen.
The following program will copy data from the first screen to the second screen. It takes nearly two interrupts (1,2 INT).
; display page was opened from the #C000 already
LD HL,#C000 ; Address of the beginning of a line of first screen
LD DE,#C180 ; Address of the beginning of a line of second screen
LD BC,#140 ; The width of the screen
DI ; Disable interrupt
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,0 ; Set block size to 256 bytes
LD A,A ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a graphic data block mode
LDIR ; Copying
LD B,B ; Switch the Accelerator off
EI ; Enable interrupt
Additional functions of the Accelerator (AND, OR, XOR) is available too.
The following program is coding 256 bytes block.
LD HL,ADRES_1
LD DE,XOR_DAT
DI
LD D,D
LD A,0 ; Number of bytes which must be encoded
LD L,L
LD A,(DE) ; Load data block to the Accelerator memory
XOR (HL) ; XOR
LD (HL),A ; Load result to RAM
LD B,B
EI
The speed of the Accelerator is limited only by physical speed of RAM. To define an time of the command's work with the Accelerator it's possibleby next formula:
Time of work = time of work without the Accelerator + time of the Acelerator work.
Time of the Acelerator work = number of bytes / 7000000.
Note: disable interrupt during the Accelerator work!
Examples of usage the Accelerator.
;**************************
; Interrupt - enable
; Stack, Program & Data - in (8000h..BFFFh)
; Video-RAM - in (C000h..FFFFh)
; Video-Data - (0000h..BFFFh)
;
;
Screen_offset EQU 0C000h ; or 0C140h for second grafic screen
Video_Data EQU *** ; 0000h..BFFFh
Color_for_fill EQU *** ; 0..255
Horizontal_offset EQU *** ; 0...319
Vertical_offset EQU *** ; 0...255
Horizontal_size EQU *** ; 1...256
Vertical_size EQU *** ; 1...256
;**************************
Open_video_page:
IN A,(PORT_Y)
LD (SAVE_PY),A ; save port_y
IN A,(PAGE3)
LD (SAVE_PG3),A ; save page3
LD A,50h ; Use 50h for normal mode
; 54h for "no copy in main shadow RAM" mode
; 58h for "FF is transparent" mode
; 5Ch for "no copy in main shadow RAM" and
; "FF is transparent" mode
OUT (PAGE3),A
RET
SAVE_PG3: DB 0FFh
SAVE_PY: DB 0C0h
;**************************
Close_video_page:
LD A,(SAVE_PG3)
OUT (PAGE3),A
LD A,(SAVE_PY)
OUT (PORT_Y),A
RET
;**************************
Horizontal_Line_copy:
LD HL,Video_Data
LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset
LD A,Vertical_Offset
OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset
DI
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,Horizontal_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only!
; !!! not ld A,C !!!
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
LD L,L ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode
LD A,(HL) ; Get data line
LD (DE),A ; Put data line
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
RET
;**************************
Vertical_Line_copy:
LD HL,Video_Data
LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset
LD A,Vertical_Offset
OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset
DI
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,Vertical_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only!
; !!! not ld A,C !!!
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
LD A,A ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a graphic data block mode
LD A,(HL) ; Get data line
LD (DE),A ; Put data line
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
RET
;**************************
Horizontal_Line_Fill:
LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset
LD A,Vertical_Offset
OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset
DI
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,Horizontal_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only!
; !!! not ld A,C !!!
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
LD A,Color_for_fill
LD C,C ; Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode
LD (DE),A ; Put line of color
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
RET
;**************************
Vertical_Line_Fill:
LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset
LD A,Vertical_Offset
OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset
DI
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,Vertical_size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only!
; !!! not ld A,C !!!
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
LD A,Color_for_fill
LD E,E ; Switch the Accelerator to filling by one byte mode
LD (DE),A ; Put line of color
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
RET
;**************************
Draw_Restangle_Data:
LD HL,Video_Data
LD DE,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset
LD A,Vertical_Offset
OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset
LD B,Vertical_size ; 0 is 256
LD C,Horizontal_Size ; 0 is 256
DI
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,Horizontal_Size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only!
; !!! not ld A,C !!!
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
drd_loop:
DI
LD L,L ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode
LD A,(HL) ; Get data line
LD (DE),A ; Put data line
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
LD A,C ; Next line data
AND A
JR Z,drd_inc
ADD A,L
LD L,A
JR NC,drd_no_inc
drd_inc:
INC H
drd_no_inc:
IN A,(PORT_Y) ; Next line
INC A
OUT (PORT_Y),A
DJNZ drd_loop ; Loop
RET
;**************************
Draw_Restangle_Fill:
LD HL,Screen_Offset+Horizontal_Offset
LD A,Vertical_Offset
OUT (PORT_Y),A ; Set vertical offset
LD B,Vertical_size ; 0 is 256
DI
LD D,D ; Switch the Accelerator to define block size mode
LD A,Horizontal_Size ; Use direct data or (HL),(BC),(DE) only!
; !!! not ld A,C !!!
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
LD C,Color_for_fill
IN A,(PORT_Y)
drf_loop:
DI
LD L,L ; Switch the Accelerator to copying a data block mode
LD (HL),C ; Put data line
LD B,B ; Stop the Accelerator
EI
INC A
OUT (PORT_Y),A
DJNZ drf_loop ; Loop
RET
;**************************
;**************************
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