Sprinter-SDCC/examples/mdview2/testfiles/BIG.MD

# MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

**MDView** ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ *Markdown* ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥
Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â
®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

## ‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

- „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® **128 Š�** (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
- „® **16 384** íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
- €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
- ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
- ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
- ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

## ‡ ¯ãáª

```
mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]
```

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï `README.MD`.

## “¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

```
Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë
```

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯®
¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); `F8` ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì.
8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­ 
®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨
¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

## ‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

### ‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

    # ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
    ## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
    ### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
    #### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

### ’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

**†¨à­ë© ⥪áâ** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: `**⥪áâ**`

*Šãàᨢ* ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ `*⥪áâ*` ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï `_⥪áâ_`

`‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤` ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

~~‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ~~ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: `~~⥪áâ~~`

### �¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë `-`, `*` ¨«¨ `+`:

- �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®áâ¨
  ¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

### �㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

### –¨â â 

> �«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  `>`. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå
> áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬
> ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

### �«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª 
⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}
```

### ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ `---`, `***` ¨«¨ `___` ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

## ’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

- **�« âä®à¬ :** Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
- **Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨:** CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, `F8`)
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« :** 128 Š�
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥:** 16 384
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ ï ¤«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ ७¤¥à-ªíè¥:** 255 ï祥ª (á¬. ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨¥ ­¨¦¥)
- **�¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨:** small
  - Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  - �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

## ˆ§¢¥áâ­ë¥ ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨ï

### „«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ? 255 ï祥ª

�¥­¤¥à-ªíè åà ­¨â ª ¦¤ãî «®£¨ç¥áªãî áâப㠪 ª **­¥ ¡®«¥¥ 255 ¯ à (ᨬ¢®«,  âਡãâ)**
? ª®­áâ ­â  `MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN`. ‹¨¬¨â § ¤ ­ ⨯ ¬¨: `g_ncells` ¨
`cache_rec_t.len` ? `uint8_t`. Š á ¥âáï ¢á¥å áâப, ­® § ¬¥â­¥¥ ¢á¥£® ­ 
**£®à¨§®­â «ì­® áªà®««¨à㥬ëå** áâப å (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤  ¨ áâப¨ â ¡«¨æ, ä« £
`IF_HSCROLL`), ª®â®àë¥ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ¬®¦­® «¨áâ âì ¢¯à ¢®.

**—â® ¯à®¨á室¨â á ¡®«¥¥ ¤«¨­­®© áâப®©:** ¯à¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨ `gc_put()` ¬®«ç 
®â¡à á뢠¥â ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã ¯®á«¥ 255-© (`if (g_ncells < MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN)`).
‚ ªíè ¯®¯ ¤ îâ ⮫쪮 ¯¥à¢ë¥ 255 ï祥ª, ®áâ â®ª **â¥àï¥âáï** ? ¤® ­¥£® ­¥«ì§ï
¤®áªà®««¨âì ¨ **­¥â ¬ àª¥à  ®¡à¥§ª¨** ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨ (¬ àª¥à `>` ®§­ ç ¥â «¨èì
?¥áâì ¥éñ ¢ ¯à¥¤¥« å ªíè ?). �¥à¥¯®«­¥­¨ï ¡ãä¥à  ­¥â ? `gc_put` ¯à®¢¥àï¥â £à ­¨æã.

‚ ¦­®: ?255 ï祥ª? ? íâ® **®â७¤¥à¥­­ ï è¨à¨­ **, ­¥ ¡ ©âë ¨á室­¨ª . ’ ¡ë ¢
ª®¤¥ à §¢®à ç¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¯à®¡¥«ë (¤® `TAB_STOP`),   ï祩ª¨ â ¡«¨æë ¤®¡¨¢ îâáï
¯à®¡¥« ¬¨ ¤® è¨à¨­ë ª®«®­ª¨ + à ¬ª¨ `³` ? ¯®í⮬㠪 ¯ ¤®á⨣ ¥âáï à ­ìè¥, 祬
255 ?¯®«¥§­ëå? ᨬ¢®«®¢.

> **RAW-०¨¬ (`F2`) í⮣® «¨¬¨â  ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â** ? ®­ à¨áã¥â ¯àאַ ¨§ ä ©« 
> ¯®¡ ©â®¢®, ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ ¢¨¤­ë 楫¨ª®¬ (ç¥à¥§ wrap `F3` ¨«¨ £®à¨§. áªà®««).

**ˆ¤¥ï á­ïâ¨ï «¨¬¨â ** (®æ¥­ª , ­¥ ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®) ? à áè¨à¨âì ¤«¨­ã ¤® `uint16_t`:
- `cache_rec_t.len` `uint8_t?uint16_t` ? áâàãªâãà  ®áâ ñâáï **஢­® 8 ¡ ©â**
  (len áꥤ ¥â ®¤¨­ pad-¡ ©â),  ¤à¥á æ¨ï `idx<<3` ­¥ ¬¥­ï¥âáï. �¥á¯« â­®.
- `g_ncells` / `g_ncells_at_space` ? `uint16_t` ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯® **ª®¤ã/᪮à®áâ¨**:
  16-¡¨â­ ï  à¨ä¬¥â¨ª  ­  Z80 ¢ £®àï祬 `gc_put` (¢ë§®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã) ¨ ¢
  scan-横« å. Žà¨¥­â¨à: **+0.2?0.4 Š� ª®¤ ** + § ¬¥¤«¥­¨¥ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨.
- �ãä¥à `g_cells[MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN*2]` ¢ near-RAM (W2) ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯®
  **¯ ¬ïâ¨**: `2 ? ª ¯` ¡ ©â. ‘¥©ç á 510 �; ª ¯ 512 ? +0.5 Š�, 1024 ? +1.5 Š�.
  EMM-ªíè ª®­â¥­â  (1 Œ�) ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ âﭥ⠫¥£ª® ? 㧪®¥ ¬¥áâ® ¨¬¥­­® near.
- `viewport_x` (¨ ª®¯¨ï ¢ `docset_t`) + ¯®â®«®ª `max_vx` (ᥩç á 248) ? `uint16_t`,
  ¨­ ç¥ åà ­¨âì >255 ¬®¦­®,   ¤®áªà®««¨âì ­¥«ì§ï. �«îá `widths[]`/`ccx` ¢ â ¡«¨æ å/ª®¤¥.

  �¥ «¨áâ¨ç­ë© ª®¬¯à®¬¨áá ? ª ¯ 512?1023: 墠â¨â ¯®ç⨠¢á¥¬ «¨á⨭£ ¬/â ¡«¨æ ¬,
  業  ~+0.3 Š� ª®¤  ¨ +0.5?1.5 Š� near-RAM. **„¥èñ¢ ï ¯®«ã¬¥à  ¡¥§ `uint16_t`** ?
  áâ ¢¨âì ç¥áâ­ë© ¬ àª¥à ®¡à¥§ª¨ ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨, çâ®¡ë ¯®â¥àï ¡ë«  ¢¨¤­ .

## TODO

1. **“¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢.** ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­®
   à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­®
   ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª
CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® `F8`
(¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. **“᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ .** Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤ 
   ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

*MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.*


---

# Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for **Sprinter** ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running
ESTEX DSS.  Host: macOS / Linux.  Target: `.EXE` files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of **SDCC 4.5** (vendored in `third_party/sdcc/`).  This repository adds
everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX,
banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the
`mkexe` utility for producing SprintEXE images.

## What you get

* **`bin/sprinter-cc`** ? one-line driver: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c`
* **Memory modes**: `tiny`, `small`, `big`, `huge`, `manual` ? see below.
* **stdio + conio**: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
* **Graphics**: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
* **File I/O**: POSIX (`open`/`read`/`write`/`close`/`lseek`/`unlink`/`creat`), FILE\* streams (`fopen`/`fgets`/`fwrite`/...), directory listing (`ffirst`/`fnext`), `chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`, `stat`/`fstat`.
* **Memory**: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (`mem_alloc_pages`/`bank_read`/`bank_write`), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
* **Mouse**: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
* **Environment**: `getenv`/`putenv`/`sysenv` over ESTEX `$46`.
* **Time**: `getdatetime`/`setdatetime` + POSIX `time`/`localtime`/`mktime`/`asctime`/`ctime`.
* **Misc**: `errno`/`strerror`/`perror`, `atexit`, `setjmp`/`longjmp`, `sleep`, full argv parsing in crt0.

## Quick start

```sh
git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME
```

Compile a single program:

```sh
cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c
```

That's it ? `hello.exe` is now a valid SprintEXE you can `RUN HELLO` from the ESTEX shell.

## Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3).  DSS allocates
pages by program size ? small programs get only one page.  Pick a memory mode based
on what your program needs:

| Mode | Code lives in | Banking | Use when | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `tiny`  (default) | W2 (0x8100+) | no | code+data < 14 KB | |
| `small` | W1-W2 (0x4100+) | no | code+data < 30 KB | |
| `big`   | W2 + W1 banking | yes (W1) | tiny + extra code modules | |
| `huge`  | W1-W2 + W3 banking | yes (W3) | small + extra code modules | |
| `manual` | user-specified | optional | special layouts | Not implemented |

```sh
sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c
```

Banked functions are declared with `__banked`:

```c
void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped
```

## Examples (27 total)

| Example | What it demonstrates |
|---|---|
| `hello`    | Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors |
| `argv`     | argv parsing in crt0 |
| `cat`      | File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT |
| `seek`     | 32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file |
| `ls`       | Directory listing via ffirst/fnext |
| `filetest` | FILE\* streams (fopen/fread/...) |
| `stattest` | `stat`/`fstat` on files and directories |
| `errno`    | errno / strerror / perror |
| `mem_test` | Page allocator + bank\_read/bank\_write |
| `malloc`   | Heap stress test (200+ allocations) |
| `banked`   | Banked code in W3 (huge mode) |
| `bankedbg` | Banked code in W1 (big mode) |
| `banklocl` | Bank-local static data and BSS |
| `mouse`    | Mouse driver in text mode |
| `gfx_mous` | Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode |
| `gfx_demo` | 320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator |
| `gfx_d16`  | 640?256?16 same primitives |
| `gfx_text` | Bitmap-font text on graphics screen |
| `timedir`  | Date/time + directory listing |
| `ptime`    | POSIX time API |
| `openenv`  | open() flags + environment vars |
| `conio`    | conio API smoke test |
| `attrprob` | Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout |
| `strtest`  | string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib) |
| `stdlib`   | stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.) |
| `assrtest` | assert() |
| `rt_test`  | Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit) |

## Headers

Standard:
* `<stdio.h>` ? puts / printf / FILE\* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
* `<stdlib.h>` ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
* `<string.h>` / `<ctype.h>` / `<math.h>` ? from SDCC z80.lib
* `<unistd.h>` ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
* `<fcntl.h>` ? open / creat + O\_RDONLY / O\_CREAT / ...
* `<errno.h>` ? errno + error names + strerror
* `<sys/stat.h>` ? stat / fstat
* `<setjmp.h>` / `<assert.h>` ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:
* `<conio.h>` ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
* `<gfx.h>`   ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_\*16 variants)
* `<mouse.h>` ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
* `<dir.h>`   ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
* `<time.h>`  ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
* `<sprinter.h>`      ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
* `<sprinter_exit.h>` ? exit / \_exit / atexit
* `<sprinter_mem.h>`  ? mem\_alloc\_pages / mem\_free\_block / bank\_read / bank\_write
* `<sprinter_compat.h>` ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

## Toolchain commands

```sh
make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary
```

### sprinter-cc options

```
sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose
```

## Status

What works in v1.0:
* Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
* Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
* Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
* Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
* File I/O, directories, environment, time
* All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see `docs/TODO.md`):
* **Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API** ? `initgraph` / `setcolor` / `circle` /
  `getimage` / `putimage` / etc. on top of our `gfx_*` primitives
* Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md`
* Manual memory mode
* Rewrite FILE\* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:
* **IM2 interrupt handlers** ? research complete (`docs/im2_isr_design.md`),
  implementation scheduled for v3
* **Audio API** (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
* **ISA-8 slot drivers** ? requires IM2 (???)

## Documentation

* `docs/TODO.md` ? roadmap and open work items
* `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md` ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
* `docs/im2_isr_design.md` ? interrupt handler design (v2)
* `docs/converted/` ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture)
  converted to plain text for `grep`
* `docs/reference/`, `docs/samples/`, `docs/memory management/` ? original
  Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

## Repository layout

```
bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation
```

## License

This repository contains:
* Original code in `bin/`, `toolchain/`, `runtime/`, `libc/`, `lib/`, `examples/` ?
  MIT-licensed.
* `third_party/sdcc/` ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception
  (see `third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt`)
* `third_party/solid-c/` ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

## Credits

* **Sprinter / Peters Plus** ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
* **SDCC** ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
* **MAME** ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

# TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

## �â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] SDCC's `malloc`/`free` + ­ è `runtime/heap.s` (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
- [x] `libc/mem/mem_alloc.c` ? page allocator: `mem_alloc_pages`/`mem_free_block`/`mem_get_page`/`mem_info` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX `$3C/$3D/$3E` + BIOS `$C4`
- [x] `libc/mem/bank_io.c` ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ `bank_read`/`bank_write`/`bank_load_byte`/`bank_store_byte` ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
- [x] `examples/malloc_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
- [x] `examples/mem_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

## �â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ `runtime/crt0.s`)
- [x] Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
- [x] �¥à¥¤ ç  `argc`/`argv` ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
- [x] argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
- [x] `runtime/crt0_minimal.s` ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
- [x] `runtime/crt0_banked.s` ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
- [x] Bash-®¡ñà⪠ `bin/sprinter-cc`: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: `--memory`, `--memory-manual`, `--stack-size`, `--crt0=`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `--debug`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`

## �â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **8a** Graphics core: `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`/`gfx_clear`/`gfx_putpixel`/`gfx_pal_load`/`gfx_pal_set` (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
- [x] **8b** ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), `gfx_rect`/`gfx_fill_rect` á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), `gfx_line` á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. `gfx_clear` ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
- [x] **8c** 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): `gfx_*16` API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
- [x] **8d** Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout `font[row*256+char]`, `gfx_text`/`gfx_putchar` ¤«ï 320 mode, `gfx_text16`/`gfx_putchar16` ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):
- [ ] ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

## Auto-banking (á¬. `memory/banking_roadmap.md` ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

- [ ] `toolchain/auto_bank.py`:
    - � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ `.rel`-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
    - First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
    - “¢ ¦ ¥â `#pragma codeseg BANKn` ª ª manual override
    - �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ `-Wl-b_BANKn=...` ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
    - �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative `banks.toml`, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

## Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] �ਬ¥à `examples/bank_local_data/` ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
- [x] `mkexe -p 0` ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
- [x] Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: `--codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1` ¤«ï bank1.c + `-Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000` ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. **`--dataseg BANK1` �€�Ž’€…’** ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
- [x] **Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s** ? áâ àë© `pop af; out (n), a` ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© `pop bc; out (c), b` á®åà ­ï¥â A.
- [x] **malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­®** ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
- [x] „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: `memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md` (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), `memory/sdcc_banking.md` (trampoline fix)
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì `check_banks.py` çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

## �®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? `third_party/solid-c/`)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. `memory/solid_c_findings.md`) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â **¢ë᮪®£®** ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

### High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )
- [x] **`errno` + `strerror`/`perror`** ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
- [x] **� áè¨à¥­­ë© `open()`** ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
- [x] **`atexit`** ? 8-callback LIFO + `exit()` + `_exit()` (libc/io/atexit.c)
- [x] **`setjmp`/`longjmp`** ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
- [x] **`sleep(seconds)`** ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
- [x] **ESTEX ENV API** ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

### Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)
- [ ] **Mouse driver** ? `rst $30h`, 17 ä㭪権. **‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME**.
- [x] **`ffirst`/`fnext` + ffblk_t struct** ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
- [x] **`getdatetime`/`setdatetime`** ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
- [x] **`chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`** ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
- [x] **conio: `kbhit`/`getch`/`getche`/`cputs`/`clrscr`/`gotoxy`** ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
- [x] **conio extras**: `wherex`/`wherey` ($53), `wrchar`/`rdchar` ($58/$57), `textmode_get/set` ($50/$51), `clrscr_attr` ($56) + COLOR macros

### Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE\*** ? `libc/stdio/file.c` + `libc/include/stdio.h`. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. `memory/file_star_design.md` ¨ `examples/filetest`.
- [ ] fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â `sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp)`.
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

### POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/posix_time.c` ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. `examples/ptime`.

### sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/stat.c` ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. `examples/stattest` ¨ `memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md`.

### assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

## libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ `examples/stdlib_test/`: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:
- `atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv`
- �®«­ë© `<string.h>` (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
- `<ctype.h>` (toupper/tolower)
- `<math.h>` (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. **�… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì**.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

## Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] `lib/Makefile` ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ `.rel`,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ `lib/sprinter.lib`
- [x] ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
- [x] `bin/sprinter-cc` ? bash-wrapper: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© `--crt0=default|minimal|banked`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`
- [x] `examples/hello_sccc/` ? ¤¥¬®: `hello.c` ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
- [x] Split `putchar.c` ? `putchar.c` + `puts.c` ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
- [x] ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ `make all` (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì `lib` ¯¥à¥¤ `examples`)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):
- [ ] Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
- [ ] „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

## �â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. [memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md](../../.claude/projects/-Volumes-SAM8-Projects-DIY-Z80-Sprinter-C-Compiler/memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md).

- [x] **`tiny`**: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
- [x] **`--memory MODE` ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc**: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ `--code-loc`/`--data-loc`. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--memory-manual SPEC`**: ¯ àá¨â `CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`small` runtime**: `runtime/crt0_small.s` ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX `$3D GETMEM` + `$3A SETWIN2` çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. **�…** BIOS `$C4` ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
- [x] **`small` auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬**: `crt0_small.s` ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ `0xC2` (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ `0xA2`! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`big` runtime** (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ `crt0_banked.s` + `bank.s` ç¥à¥§ `.ifdef BANK_W1` ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â `BANK_W1 = 1` ¯à¨ `--memory big`, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ `mkexe -B 0x4000`. �ਬ¥à `examples/banked_big/`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`huge` runtime** (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ `crt0_small.s` ¢ `crt0_banked.s`. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à `examples/banked/` ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--debug` ä« £**: prepend `DEBUG_RT = 1` ¢ crt0 + `-DDEBUG_RT` ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol `_w2_self_allocated` (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

### „¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

**Ž¤­  `sprinter.lib`** à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? `.rel`-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â `gfx_core.rel` ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

**`gfx.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­**: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

**`libc_banked` (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME)** ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ `huge` mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ `--codeseg BANK0` ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

**HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? `sprinter_home.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­®.** — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:
- `gfx_*` ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì `0xC000+` ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
- `bank_io` (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ `OUT (0xE2)`
- �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì `libc_banked`, **®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­®** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ `sprinter_home.lib` (HOME-only) ¨§ `sprinter.lib` (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :
```
sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)
```
’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï `--memory huge` runtime.

**crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:**
- `crt0.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **tiny/big**: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
- `crt0_minimal.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
- `crt0_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©, step 3**: ¤«ï **small/huge**,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ `mem_alloc_pages` „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ `0xA2`, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
- `crt0_banked.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **big**: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
- `crt0_banked_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©**: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® `--memory` mode (ᥩç á `--crt0=` íâ® override).
- [x] **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ `sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES`. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â `heap_top.s` á `___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size`, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ `runtime/heap_top.s`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: `sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c`. `--memory-manual` ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á `--memory manual`.

## Known issues / quirks

- **ESTEX $46 ENV API**: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ `DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6` ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ `memory/sprinter_platform.md`.

## Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

### Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è `gfx_*` API ¤® ã஢­ï **Turbo-C `<graphics.h>`** (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS.
�ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

**—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì** (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:
- `initgraph()` / `closegraph()` ? ã ­ á ᥩç á `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
- `getmaxx()` / `getmaxy()` ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
- `cleardevice()` ? alias to gfx_clear
- `getgraphmode()` / `setgraphmode()` ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:
- `setcolor(c)`, `getcolor()` ? current draw color
- `setbkcolor(c)`, `getbkcolor()` ? background color
- `setpalette(idx, c)` ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
- `getpalette(&info)` ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):
- `putpixel(x, y, c)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
- `getpixel(x, y)` ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
- `moveto(x, y)`, `lineto(x, y)`, `linerel(dx, dy)` ? current point + line drawing
- `line(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
- `rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
- `bar(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
- `bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag)` ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
- `circle(x, y, r)`, `arc(...)`, `ellipse(...)`, `pieslice(...)` ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
- `fillpoly()`, `drawpoly()` ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
- `floodfill(x, y, border_color)` ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:
- `outtext(s)` / `outtextxy(x, y, s)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
- `settextstyle(font, dir, size)` ? multiple bitmap fonts
- `gettextsettings(&info)`
- `textwidth(s)` / `textheight(s)` ? measure

Image manipulation:
- `imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? bytes needed for getimage
- `getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf)` ? save rect to buffer
- `putimage(x, y, buf, op)` ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:
- `setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip)` ? drawing clip rect
- `getviewsettings(&info)`
- `clearviewport()`
- `setactivepage(p)` / `setvisualpage(p)` ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:
- `setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness)` ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
- `getlinesettings(&info)`

**Acceptance:** ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬
moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

**Notes:**
- BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­®
  ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
- imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
- Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages,
  ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ `examples/` Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

### IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode.  �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:
- Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
- Music playback (AY, COVOX)
- Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
- Async keyboard / mouse handling

**Status:** Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2.  �®«­ë© research + design ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`.

**�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥:** ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode `--memory im2`
(¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0).  Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`):
- Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL.  Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
- Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
- Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
- DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

### �à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

- [ ] **FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams** ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢
  `libc/stdio/file.c` íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc
  = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall).  �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª 
  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  ```c
  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  ```

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë `0 / -1 / -2`.  Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï
  stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive
  small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë©
  fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬.  fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­®
  (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â).  ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ?
  ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ `_F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT`.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®©
  API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢
  `SRC/CLIB/`); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/
  fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤.  €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:
  - `fwrite` short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì `_F_ERROR`
  - `fgets(buf, 1, fp)` ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  - `mode_to_flags` ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

- [ ] **Audio API** ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)
- [ ] **ISA-8 slot support** ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

## �à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

- [x] **#9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style)** ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. `memory/text_output_api_split.md`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
- [x] **Mouse API ¯®«­ë©** (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. `memory/mouse_api.md`. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
- [ ] Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `restore SP on EXIT` (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
- [ ] CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á `-aviwrite` ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

## ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `<setjmp.h>` (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
- `<time.h>` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME (`$21`) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
- ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
- Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

## Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ `sprinter.lib`, `sdldz80` ¯¨è¥â `?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once`. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:
- `_puts` ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
- `___sdcc_heap` ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
- `_asctime`, `_localtime` (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è `posix_time.c` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's `time.rel` ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â `_RtcRead`

**’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥:** `bin/sprinter-cc` ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up `Library:` áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  `sdcc`. —¥à¥§ `-v` (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

**‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:**
- �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit `--nostdlib` + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
- ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ `_puts` ? `_puts_sprinter` + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
- ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

## TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

- [ ] **Port_Y banking trick** (`docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt`):
      ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ `OUT (0x89), Y`  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3
      ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப).
      Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick **­¥ à ¡®â ¥â** ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨
      ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì.  Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨©
      `docs/samples/plasma2.asm` ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â
      Port_Y per row.
      �« ­:
      1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter
      2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (`_gfx_putpixel_raw` + ¢â®à®© write ¢ `0xD000+x`)
      3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á
         ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९à®
      4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥
         ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel)
      5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢
         `_gfx_putpixel_raw` (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

      ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
      OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
      release v1.

## GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® `docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt`

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï.
‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

### Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

- [ ] **‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  `LD A, (var)` ¤«ï block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ®
      à §à¥è ¥â `LD A, (HL)`, `LD A, (BC)`, `LD A, (DE)` (­® ­¥ `LD A, r`).
      �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ `gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk` ¨
      `gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk`.  ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
- [ ] **Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â
      block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. `Horizontal_Line_Fill`: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ
      size + `LD B,B` ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ
      á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size).  „«ï `gfx_fill_rect` á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨
      áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

### Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

| Bank byte | Effect |
|---|---|
| 0x50 | Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë© |
| 0x54 | "no copy in main shadow RAM" |
| 0x58 | **"FF is transparent"** ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background |
| 0x5C | both |

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî.
�â® ¯ãâì ª **sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy**:

- [ ] **`gfx_set_bank_transparent(on)`** ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ `gfx_set_bank` ¤«ï
      ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
- [ ] ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ `gfx_blit()` çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì
      transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

### Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

`LD L,L` (horizontal) ¨ `LD A,A` (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§
256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory.  �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

- [ ] **`gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h)`** ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite' 
      (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
- [ ] **`gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h)`** ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. `Draw_Restangle_Data` ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

### AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨
¤ ­­ëå.  �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:
- XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)
- OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending
- ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

- [ ] **`gfx_xor_rect`** / **`gfx_or_rect`** / **`gfx_and_rect`** ?
      ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬
- [ ] **`gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h)`** ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

### Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á `gfx_text` / `gfx_putchar` å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬
(BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â).  „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢
­ã¦­ë:
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_size(w, h)`** ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance)`** ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì
      ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  **proportional** (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì
      array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
- [ ] **Big-font ०¨¬ë**: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
- [ ] ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API `gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id)` £¤¥
      font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
- [ ] **Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë** (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?)
      ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

## ”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

- **`gfx_line` ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥©** ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï `gfx_hline` (¨«¨ `vline`).  
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill.
  ‘¥©ç á `gfx_line` orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

- **`gfx_fill_rect` á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î** ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal `_fill_rect_inner` ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.
# MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

**MDView** ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ *Markdown* ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥
Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â
®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

## ‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

- „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® **128 Š�** (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
- „® **16 384** íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
- €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
- ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
- ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
- ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

## ‡ ¯ãáª

```
mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]
```

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï `README.MD`.

## “¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

```
Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë
```

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯®
¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); `F8` ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì.
8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­ 
®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨
¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

## ‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

### ‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

    # ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
    ## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
    ### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
    #### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

### ’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

**†¨à­ë© ⥪áâ** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: `**⥪áâ**`

*Šãàᨢ* ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ `*⥪áâ*` ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï `_⥪áâ_`

`‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤` ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

~~‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ~~ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: `~~⥪áâ~~`

### �¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë `-`, `*` ¨«¨ `+`:

- �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®áâ¨
  ¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

### �㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

### –¨â â 

> �«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  `>`. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå
> áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬
> ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

### �«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª 
⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}
```

### ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ `---`, `***` ¨«¨ `___` ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

## ’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

- **�« âä®à¬ :** Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
- **Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨:** CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, `F8`)
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« :** 128 Š�
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥:** 16 384
- **�¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨:** small
  - Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  - �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

## TODO

1. **“¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢.** ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­®
   à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­®
   ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª
CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® `F8`
(¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. **“᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ .** Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤ 
   ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

*MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.*


---

# Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for **Sprinter** ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running
ESTEX DSS.  Host: macOS / Linux.  Target: `.EXE` files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of **SDCC 4.5** (vendored in `third_party/sdcc/`).  This repository adds
everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX,
banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the
`mkexe` utility for producing SprintEXE images.

## What you get

* **`bin/sprinter-cc`** ? one-line driver: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c`
* **Memory modes**: `tiny`, `small`, `big`, `huge`, `manual` ? see below.
* **stdio + conio**: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
* **Graphics**: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
* **File I/O**: POSIX (`open`/`read`/`write`/`close`/`lseek`/`unlink`/`creat`), FILE\* streams (`fopen`/`fgets`/`fwrite`/...), directory listing (`ffirst`/`fnext`), `chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`, `stat`/`fstat`.
* **Memory**: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (`mem_alloc_pages`/`bank_read`/`bank_write`), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
* **Mouse**: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
* **Environment**: `getenv`/`putenv`/`sysenv` over ESTEX `$46`.
* **Time**: `getdatetime`/`setdatetime` + POSIX `time`/`localtime`/`mktime`/`asctime`/`ctime`.
* **Misc**: `errno`/`strerror`/`perror`, `atexit`, `setjmp`/`longjmp`, `sleep`, full argv parsing in crt0.

## Quick start

```sh
git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME
```

Compile a single program:

```sh
cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c
```

That's it ? `hello.exe` is now a valid SprintEXE you can `RUN HELLO` from the ESTEX shell.

## Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3).  DSS allocates
pages by program size ? small programs get only one page.  Pick a memory mode based
on what your program needs:

| Mode | Code lives in | Banking | Use when | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `tiny`  (default) | W2 (0x8100+) | no | code+data < 14 KB | |
| `small` | W1-W2 (0x4100+) | no | code+data < 30 KB | |
| `big`   | W2 + W1 banking | yes (W1) | tiny + extra code modules | |
| `huge`  | W1-W2 + W3 banking | yes (W3) | small + extra code modules | |
| `manual` | user-specified | optional | special layouts | Not implemented |

```sh
sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c
```

Banked functions are declared with `__banked`:

```c
void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped
```

## Examples (27 total)

| Example | What it demonstrates |
|---|---|
| `hello`    | Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors |
| `argv`     | argv parsing in crt0 |
| `cat`      | File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT |
| `seek`     | 32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file |
| `ls`       | Directory listing via ffirst/fnext |
| `filetest` | FILE\* streams (fopen/fread/...) |
| `stattest` | `stat`/`fstat` on files and directories |
| `errno`    | errno / strerror / perror |
| `mem_test` | Page allocator + bank\_read/bank\_write |
| `malloc`   | Heap stress test (200+ allocations) |
| `banked`   | Banked code in W3 (huge mode) |
| `bankedbg` | Banked code in W1 (big mode) |
| `banklocl` | Bank-local static data and BSS |
| `mouse`    | Mouse driver in text mode |
| `gfx_mous` | Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode |
| `gfx_demo` | 320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator |
| `gfx_d16`  | 640?256?16 same primitives |
| `gfx_text` | Bitmap-font text on graphics screen |
| `timedir`  | Date/time + directory listing |
| `ptime`    | POSIX time API |
| `openenv`  | open() flags + environment vars |
| `conio`    | conio API smoke test |
| `attrprob` | Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout |
| `strtest`  | string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib) |
| `stdlib`   | stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.) |
| `assrtest` | assert() |
| `rt_test`  | Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit) |

## Headers

Standard:
* `<stdio.h>` ? puts / printf / FILE\* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
* `<stdlib.h>` ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
* `<string.h>` / `<ctype.h>` / `<math.h>` ? from SDCC z80.lib
* `<unistd.h>` ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
* `<fcntl.h>` ? open / creat + O\_RDONLY / O\_CREAT / ...
* `<errno.h>` ? errno + error names + strerror
* `<sys/stat.h>` ? stat / fstat
* `<setjmp.h>` / `<assert.h>` ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:
* `<conio.h>` ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
* `<gfx.h>`   ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_\*16 variants)
* `<mouse.h>` ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
* `<dir.h>`   ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
* `<time.h>`  ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
* `<sprinter.h>`      ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
* `<sprinter_exit.h>` ? exit / \_exit / atexit
* `<sprinter_mem.h>`  ? mem\_alloc\_pages / mem\_free\_block / bank\_read / bank\_write
* `<sprinter_compat.h>` ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

## Toolchain commands

```sh
make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary
```

### sprinter-cc options

```
sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose
```

## Status

What works in v1.0:
* Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
* Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
* Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
* Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
* File I/O, directories, environment, time
* All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see `docs/TODO.md`):
* **Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API** ? `initgraph` / `setcolor` / `circle` /
  `getimage` / `putimage` / etc. on top of our `gfx_*` primitives
* Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md`
* Manual memory mode
* Rewrite FILE\* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:
* **IM2 interrupt handlers** ? research complete (`docs/im2_isr_design.md`),
  implementation scheduled for v3
* **Audio API** (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
* **ISA-8 slot drivers** ? requires IM2 (???)

## Documentation

* `docs/TODO.md` ? roadmap and open work items
* `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md` ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
* `docs/im2_isr_design.md` ? interrupt handler design (v2)
* `docs/converted/` ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture)
  converted to plain text for `grep`
* `docs/reference/`, `docs/samples/`, `docs/memory management/` ? original
  Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

## Repository layout

```
bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation
```

## License

This repository contains:
* Original code in `bin/`, `toolchain/`, `runtime/`, `libc/`, `lib/`, `examples/` ?
  MIT-licensed.
* `third_party/sdcc/` ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception
  (see `third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt`)
* `third_party/solid-c/` ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

## Credits

* **Sprinter / Peters Plus** ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
* **SDCC** ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
* **MAME** ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

# TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

## �â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] SDCC's `malloc`/`free` + ­ è `runtime/heap.s` (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
- [x] `libc/mem/mem_alloc.c` ? page allocator: `mem_alloc_pages`/`mem_free_block`/`mem_get_page`/`mem_info` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX `$3C/$3D/$3E` + BIOS `$C4`
- [x] `libc/mem/bank_io.c` ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ `bank_read`/`bank_write`/`bank_load_byte`/`bank_store_byte` ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
- [x] `examples/malloc_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
- [x] `examples/mem_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

## �â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ `runtime/crt0.s`)
- [x] Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
- [x] �¥à¥¤ ç  `argc`/`argv` ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
- [x] argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
- [x] `runtime/crt0_minimal.s` ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
- [x] `runtime/crt0_banked.s` ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
- [x] Bash-®¡ñà⪠ `bin/sprinter-cc`: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: `--memory`, `--memory-manual`, `--stack-size`, `--crt0=`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `--debug`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`

## �â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **8a** Graphics core: `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`/`gfx_clear`/`gfx_putpixel`/`gfx_pal_load`/`gfx_pal_set` (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
- [x] **8b** ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), `gfx_rect`/`gfx_fill_rect` á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), `gfx_line` á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. `gfx_clear` ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
- [x] **8c** 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): `gfx_*16` API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
- [x] **8d** Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout `font[row*256+char]`, `gfx_text`/`gfx_putchar` ¤«ï 320 mode, `gfx_text16`/`gfx_putchar16` ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):
- [ ] ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

## Auto-banking (á¬. `memory/banking_roadmap.md` ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

- [ ] `toolchain/auto_bank.py`:
    - � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ `.rel`-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
    - First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
    - “¢ ¦ ¥â `#pragma codeseg BANKn` ª ª manual override
    - �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ `-Wl-b_BANKn=...` ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
    - �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative `banks.toml`, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

## Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] �ਬ¥à `examples/bank_local_data/` ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
- [x] `mkexe -p 0` ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
- [x] Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: `--codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1` ¤«ï bank1.c + `-Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000` ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. **`--dataseg BANK1` �€�Ž’€…’** ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
- [x] **Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s** ? áâ àë© `pop af; out (n), a` ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© `pop bc; out (c), b` á®åà ­ï¥â A.
- [x] **malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­®** ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
- [x] „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: `memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md` (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), `memory/sdcc_banking.md` (trampoline fix)
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì `check_banks.py` çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

## �®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? `third_party/solid-c/`)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. `memory/solid_c_findings.md`) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â **¢ë᮪®£®** ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

### High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )
- [x] **`errno` + `strerror`/`perror`** ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
- [x] **� áè¨à¥­­ë© `open()`** ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
- [x] **`atexit`** ? 8-callback LIFO + `exit()` + `_exit()` (libc/io/atexit.c)
- [x] **`setjmp`/`longjmp`** ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
- [x] **`sleep(seconds)`** ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
- [x] **ESTEX ENV API** ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

### Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)
- [ ] **Mouse driver** ? `rst $30h`, 17 ä㭪権. **‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME**.
- [x] **`ffirst`/`fnext` + ffblk_t struct** ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
- [x] **`getdatetime`/`setdatetime`** ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
- [x] **`chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`** ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
- [x] **conio: `kbhit`/`getch`/`getche`/`cputs`/`clrscr`/`gotoxy`** ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
- [x] **conio extras**: `wherex`/`wherey` ($53), `wrchar`/`rdchar` ($58/$57), `textmode_get/set` ($50/$51), `clrscr_attr` ($56) + COLOR macros

### Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE\*** ? `libc/stdio/file.c` + `libc/include/stdio.h`. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. `memory/file_star_design.md` ¨ `examples/filetest`.
- [ ] fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â `sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp)`.
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

### POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/posix_time.c` ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. `examples/ptime`.

### sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/stat.c` ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. `examples/stattest` ¨ `memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md`.

### assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

## libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ `examples/stdlib_test/`: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:
- `atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv`
- �®«­ë© `<string.h>` (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
- `<ctype.h>` (toupper/tolower)
- `<math.h>` (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. **�… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì**.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

## Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] `lib/Makefile` ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ `.rel`,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ `lib/sprinter.lib`
- [x] ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
- [x] `bin/sprinter-cc` ? bash-wrapper: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© `--crt0=default|minimal|banked`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`
- [x] `examples/hello_sccc/` ? ¤¥¬®: `hello.c` ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
- [x] Split `putchar.c` ? `putchar.c` + `puts.c` ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
- [x] ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ `make all` (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì `lib` ¯¥à¥¤ `examples`)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):
- [ ] Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
- [ ] „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

## �â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. [memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md](../../.claude/projects/-Volumes-SAM8-Projects-DIY-Z80-Sprinter-C-Compiler/memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md).

- [x] **`tiny`**: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
- [x] **`--memory MODE` ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc**: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ `--code-loc`/`--data-loc`. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--memory-manual SPEC`**: ¯ àá¨â `CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`small` runtime**: `runtime/crt0_small.s` ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX `$3D GETMEM` + `$3A SETWIN2` çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. **�…** BIOS `$C4` ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
- [x] **`small` auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬**: `crt0_small.s` ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ `0xC2` (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ `0xA2`! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`big` runtime** (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ `crt0_banked.s` + `bank.s` ç¥à¥§ `.ifdef BANK_W1` ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â `BANK_W1 = 1` ¯à¨ `--memory big`, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ `mkexe -B 0x4000`. �ਬ¥à `examples/banked_big/`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`huge` runtime** (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ `crt0_small.s` ¢ `crt0_banked.s`. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à `examples/banked/` ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--debug` ä« £**: prepend `DEBUG_RT = 1` ¢ crt0 + `-DDEBUG_RT` ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol `_w2_self_allocated` (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

### „¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

**Ž¤­  `sprinter.lib`** à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? `.rel`-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â `gfx_core.rel` ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

**`gfx.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­**: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

**`libc_banked` (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME)** ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ `huge` mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ `--codeseg BANK0` ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

**HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? `sprinter_home.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­®.** — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:
- `gfx_*` ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì `0xC000+` ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
- `bank_io` (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ `OUT (0xE2)`
- �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì `libc_banked`, **®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­®** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ `sprinter_home.lib` (HOME-only) ¨§ `sprinter.lib` (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :
```
sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)
```
’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï `--memory huge` runtime.

**crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:**
- `crt0.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **tiny/big**: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
- `crt0_minimal.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
- `crt0_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©, step 3**: ¤«ï **small/huge**,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ `mem_alloc_pages` „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ `0xA2`, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
- `crt0_banked.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **big**: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
- `crt0_banked_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©**: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® `--memory` mode (ᥩç á `--crt0=` íâ® override).
- [x] **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ `sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES`. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â `heap_top.s` á `___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size`, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ `runtime/heap_top.s`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: `sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c`. `--memory-manual` ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á `--memory manual`.

## Known issues / quirks

- **ESTEX $46 ENV API**: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ `DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6` ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ `memory/sprinter_platform.md`.

## Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

### Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è `gfx_*` API ¤® ã஢­ï **Turbo-C `<graphics.h>`** (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS.
�ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

**—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì** (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:
- `initgraph()` / `closegraph()` ? ã ­ á ᥩç á `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
- `getmaxx()` / `getmaxy()` ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
- `cleardevice()` ? alias to gfx_clear
- `getgraphmode()` / `setgraphmode()` ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:
- `setcolor(c)`, `getcolor()` ? current draw color
- `setbkcolor(c)`, `getbkcolor()` ? background color
- `setpalette(idx, c)` ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
- `getpalette(&info)` ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):
- `putpixel(x, y, c)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
- `getpixel(x, y)` ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
- `moveto(x, y)`, `lineto(x, y)`, `linerel(dx, dy)` ? current point + line drawing
- `line(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
- `rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
- `bar(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
- `bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag)` ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
- `circle(x, y, r)`, `arc(...)`, `ellipse(...)`, `pieslice(...)` ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
- `fillpoly()`, `drawpoly()` ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
- `floodfill(x, y, border_color)` ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:
- `outtext(s)` / `outtextxy(x, y, s)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
- `settextstyle(font, dir, size)` ? multiple bitmap fonts
- `gettextsettings(&info)`
- `textwidth(s)` / `textheight(s)` ? measure

Image manipulation:
- `imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? bytes needed for getimage
- `getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf)` ? save rect to buffer
- `putimage(x, y, buf, op)` ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:
- `setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip)` ? drawing clip rect
- `getviewsettings(&info)`
- `clearviewport()`
- `setactivepage(p)` / `setvisualpage(p)` ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:
- `setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness)` ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
- `getlinesettings(&info)`

**Acceptance:** ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬
moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

**Notes:**
- BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­®
  ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
- imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
- Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages,
  ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ `examples/` Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

### IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode.  �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:
- Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
- Music playback (AY, COVOX)
- Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
- Async keyboard / mouse handling

**Status:** Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2.  �®«­ë© research + design ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`.

**�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥:** ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode `--memory im2`
(¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0).  Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`):
- Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL.  Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
- Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
- Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
- DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

### �à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

- [ ] **FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams** ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢
  `libc/stdio/file.c` íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc
  = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall).  �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª 
  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  ```c
  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  ```

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë `0 / -1 / -2`.  Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï
  stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive
  small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë©
  fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬.  fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­®
  (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â).  ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ?
  ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ `_F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT`.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®©
  API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢
  `SRC/CLIB/`); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/
  fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤.  €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:
  - `fwrite` short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì `_F_ERROR`
  - `fgets(buf, 1, fp)` ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  - `mode_to_flags` ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

- [ ] **Audio API** ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)
- [ ] **ISA-8 slot support** ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

## �à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

- [x] **#9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style)** ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. `memory/text_output_api_split.md`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
- [x] **Mouse API ¯®«­ë©** (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. `memory/mouse_api.md`. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
- [ ] Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `restore SP on EXIT` (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
- [ ] CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á `-aviwrite` ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

## ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `<setjmp.h>` (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
- `<time.h>` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME (`$21`) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
- ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
- Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

## Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ `sprinter.lib`, `sdldz80` ¯¨è¥â `?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once`. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:
- `_puts` ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
- `___sdcc_heap` ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
- `_asctime`, `_localtime` (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è `posix_time.c` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's `time.rel` ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â `_RtcRead`

**’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥:** `bin/sprinter-cc` ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up `Library:` áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  `sdcc`. —¥à¥§ `-v` (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

**‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:**
- �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit `--nostdlib` + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
- ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ `_puts` ? `_puts_sprinter` + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
- ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

## TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

- [ ] **Port_Y banking trick** (`docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt`):
      ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ `OUT (0x89), Y`  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3
      ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப).
      Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick **­¥ à ¡®â ¥â** ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨
      ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì.  Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨©
      `docs/samples/plasma2.asm` ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â
      Port_Y per row.
      �« ­:
      1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter
      2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (`_gfx_putpixel_raw` + ¢â®à®© write ¢ `0xD000+x`)
      3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á
         ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९à®
      4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥
         ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel)
      5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢
         `_gfx_putpixel_raw` (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

      ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
      OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
      release v1.

## GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® `docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt`

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï.
‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

### Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

- [ ] **‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  `LD A, (var)` ¤«ï block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ®
      à §à¥è ¥â `LD A, (HL)`, `LD A, (BC)`, `LD A, (DE)` (­® ­¥ `LD A, r`).
      �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ `gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk` ¨
      `gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk`.  ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
- [ ] **Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â
      block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. `Horizontal_Line_Fill`: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ
      size + `LD B,B` ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ
      á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size).  „«ï `gfx_fill_rect` á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨
      áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

### Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

| Bank byte | Effect |
|---|---|
| 0x50 | Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë© |
| 0x54 | "no copy in main shadow RAM" |
| 0x58 | **"FF is transparent"** ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background |
| 0x5C | both |

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî.
�â® ¯ãâì ª **sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy**:

- [ ] **`gfx_set_bank_transparent(on)`** ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ `gfx_set_bank` ¤«ï
      ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
- [ ] ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ `gfx_blit()` çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì
      transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

### Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

`LD L,L` (horizontal) ¨ `LD A,A` (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§
256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory.  �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

- [ ] **`gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h)`** ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite' 
      (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
- [ ] **`gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h)`** ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. `Draw_Restangle_Data` ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

### AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨
¤ ­­ëå.  �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:
- XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)
- OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending
- ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

- [ ] **`gfx_xor_rect`** / **`gfx_or_rect`** / **`gfx_and_rect`** ?
      ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬
- [ ] **`gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h)`** ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

### Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á `gfx_text` / `gfx_putchar` å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬
(BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â).  „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢
­ã¦­ë:
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_size(w, h)`** ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance)`** ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì
      ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  **proportional** (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì
      array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
- [ ] **Big-font ०¨¬ë**: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
- [ ] ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API `gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id)` £¤¥
      font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
- [ ] **Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë** (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?)
      ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

## ”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

- **`gfx_line` ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥©** ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï `gfx_hline` (¨«¨ `vline`).  
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill.
  ‘¥©ç á `gfx_line` orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

- **`gfx_fill_rect` á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î** ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal `_fill_rect_inner` ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.
# MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

**MDView** ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ *Markdown* ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥
Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â
®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

## ‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

- „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® **128 Š�** (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
- „® **16 384** íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
- €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
- ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
- ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
- ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

## ‡ ¯ãáª

```
mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]
```

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï `README.MD`.

## “¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

```
Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë
```

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯®
¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); `F8` ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì.
8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­ 
®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨
¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

## ‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

### ‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

    # ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
    ## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
    ### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
    #### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

### ’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

**†¨à­ë© ⥪áâ** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: `**⥪áâ**`

*Šãàᨢ* ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ `*⥪áâ*` ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï `_⥪áâ_`

`‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤` ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

~~‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ~~ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: `~~⥪áâ~~`

### �¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë `-`, `*` ¨«¨ `+`:

- �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®áâ¨
  ¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

### �㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

### –¨â â 

> �«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  `>`. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå
> áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬
> ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

### �«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª 
⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}
```

### ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ `---`, `***` ¨«¨ `___` ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

## ’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

- **�« âä®à¬ :** Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
- **Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨:** CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, `F8`)
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« :** 128 Š�
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥:** 16 384
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ ï ¤«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ ७¤¥à-ªíè¥:** 255 ï祥ª (á¬. ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨¥ ­¨¦¥)
- **�¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨:** small
  - Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  - �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

## ˆ§¢¥áâ­ë¥ ®£à ­¨ç¥­¨ï

### „«¨­  áâப¨ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ? 255 ï祥ª

�¥­¤¥à-ªíè åà ­¨â ª ¦¤ãî «®£¨ç¥áªãî áâப㠪 ª **­¥ ¡®«¥¥ 255 ¯ à (ᨬ¢®«,  âਡãâ)**
? ª®­áâ ­â  `MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN`. ‹¨¬¨â § ¤ ­ ⨯ ¬¨: `g_ncells` ¨
`cache_rec_t.len` ? `uint8_t`. Š á ¥âáï ¢á¥å áâப, ­® § ¬¥â­¥¥ ¢á¥£® ­ 
**£®à¨§®­â «ì­® áªà®««¨à㥬ëå** áâப å (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤  ¨ áâப¨ â ¡«¨æ, ä« £
`IF_HSCROLL`), ª®â®àë¥ ¢ MD-०¨¬¥ ¬®¦­® «¨áâ âì ¢¯à ¢®.

**—â® ¯à®¨á室¨â á ¡®«¥¥ ¤«¨­­®© áâப®©:** ¯à¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨ `gc_put()` ¬®«ç 
®â¡à á뢠¥â ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã ¯®á«¥ 255-© (`if (g_ncells < MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN)`).
‚ ªíè ¯®¯ ¤ îâ ⮫쪮 ¯¥à¢ë¥ 255 ï祥ª, ®áâ â®ª **â¥àï¥âáï** ? ¤® ­¥£® ­¥«ì§ï
¤®áªà®««¨âì ¨ **­¥â ¬ àª¥à  ®¡à¥§ª¨** ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨ (¬ àª¥à `>` ®§­ ç ¥â «¨èì
?¥áâì ¥éñ ¢ ¯à¥¤¥« å ªíè ?). �¥à¥¯®«­¥­¨ï ¡ãä¥à  ­¥â ? `gc_put` ¯à®¢¥àï¥â £à ­¨æã.

‚ ¦­®: ?255 ï祥ª? ? íâ® **®â७¤¥à¥­­ ï è¨à¨­ **, ­¥ ¡ ©âë ¨á室­¨ª . ’ ¡ë ¢
ª®¤¥ à §¢®à ç¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¯à®¡¥«ë (¤® `TAB_STOP`),   ï祩ª¨ â ¡«¨æë ¤®¡¨¢ îâáï
¯à®¡¥« ¬¨ ¤® è¨à¨­ë ª®«®­ª¨ + à ¬ª¨ `³` ? ¯®í⮬㠪 ¯ ¤®á⨣ ¥âáï à ­ìè¥, 祬
255 ?¯®«¥§­ëå? ᨬ¢®«®¢.

> **RAW-०¨¬ (`F2`) í⮣® «¨¬¨â  ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â** ? ®­ à¨áã¥â ¯àאַ ¨§ ä ©« 
> ¯®¡ ©â®¢®, ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ ¢¨¤­ë 楫¨ª®¬ (ç¥à¥§ wrap `F3` ¨«¨ £®à¨§. áªà®««).

**ˆ¤¥ï á­ïâ¨ï «¨¬¨â ** (®æ¥­ª , ­¥ ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®) ? à áè¨à¨âì ¤«¨­ã ¤® `uint16_t`:
- `cache_rec_t.len` `uint8_t?uint16_t` ? áâàãªâãà  ®áâ ñâáï **஢­® 8 ¡ ©â**
  (len áꥤ ¥â ®¤¨­ pad-¡ ©â),  ¤à¥á æ¨ï `idx<<3` ­¥ ¬¥­ï¥âáï. �¥á¯« â­®.
- `g_ncells` / `g_ncells_at_space` ? `uint16_t` ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯® **ª®¤ã/᪮à®áâ¨**:
  16-¡¨â­ ï  à¨ä¬¥â¨ª  ­  Z80 ¢ £®àï祬 `gc_put` (¢ë§®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ãî ï祩ªã) ¨ ¢
  scan-横« å. Žà¨¥­â¨à: **+0.2?0.4 Š� ª®¤ ** + § ¬¥¤«¥­¨¥ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨.
- �ãä¥à `g_cells[MAX_CACHE_LINE_LEN*2]` ¢ near-RAM (W2) ? £« ¢­ ï 業  ¯®
  **¯ ¬ïâ¨**: `2 ? ª ¯` ¡ ©â. ‘¥©ç á 510 �; ª ¯ 512 ? +0.5 Š�, 1024 ? +1.5 Š�.
  EMM-ªíè ª®­â¥­â  (1 Œ�) ¤«¨­­ë¥ áâப¨ âﭥ⠫¥£ª® ? 㧪®¥ ¬¥áâ® ¨¬¥­­® near.
- `viewport_x` (¨ ª®¯¨ï ¢ `docset_t`) + ¯®â®«®ª `max_vx` (ᥩç á 248) ? `uint16_t`,
  ¨­ ç¥ åà ­¨âì >255 ¬®¦­®,   ¤®áªà®««¨âì ­¥«ì§ï. �«îá `widths[]`/`ccx` ¢ â ¡«¨æ å/ª®¤¥.

  �¥ «¨áâ¨ç­ë© ª®¬¯à®¬¨áá ? ª ¯ 512?1023: 墠â¨â ¯®ç⨠¢á¥¬ «¨á⨭£ ¬/â ¡«¨æ ¬,
  業  ~+0.3 Š� ª®¤  ¨ +0.5?1.5 Š� near-RAM. **„¥èñ¢ ï ¯®«ã¬¥à  ¡¥§ `uint16_t`** ?
  áâ ¢¨âì ç¥áâ­ë© ¬ àª¥à ®¡à¥§ª¨ ­  255-© ¯®§¨æ¨¨, çâ®¡ë ¯®â¥àï ¡ë«  ¢¨¤­ .

## TODO

1. **“¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢.** ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­®
   à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­®
   ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª
CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® `F8`
(¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. **“᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ .** Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤ 
   ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

*MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.*


---

# Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for **Sprinter** ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running
ESTEX DSS.  Host: macOS / Linux.  Target: `.EXE` files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of **SDCC 4.5** (vendored in `third_party/sdcc/`).  This repository adds
everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX,
banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the
`mkexe` utility for producing SprintEXE images.

## What you get

* **`bin/sprinter-cc`** ? one-line driver: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c`
* **Memory modes**: `tiny`, `small`, `big`, `huge`, `manual` ? see below.
* **stdio + conio**: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
* **Graphics**: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
* **File I/O**: POSIX (`open`/`read`/`write`/`close`/`lseek`/`unlink`/`creat`), FILE\* streams (`fopen`/`fgets`/`fwrite`/...), directory listing (`ffirst`/`fnext`), `chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`, `stat`/`fstat`.
* **Memory**: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (`mem_alloc_pages`/`bank_read`/`bank_write`), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
* **Mouse**: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
* **Environment**: `getenv`/`putenv`/`sysenv` over ESTEX `$46`.
* **Time**: `getdatetime`/`setdatetime` + POSIX `time`/`localtime`/`mktime`/`asctime`/`ctime`.
* **Misc**: `errno`/`strerror`/`perror`, `atexit`, `setjmp`/`longjmp`, `sleep`, full argv parsing in crt0.

## Quick start

```sh
git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME
```

Compile a single program:

```sh
cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c
```

That's it ? `hello.exe` is now a valid SprintEXE you can `RUN HELLO` from the ESTEX shell.

## Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3).  DSS allocates
pages by program size ? small programs get only one page.  Pick a memory mode based
on what your program needs:

| Mode | Code lives in | Banking | Use when | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `tiny`  (default) | W2 (0x8100+) | no | code+data < 14 KB | |
| `small` | W1-W2 (0x4100+) | no | code+data < 30 KB | |
| `big`   | W2 + W1 banking | yes (W1) | tiny + extra code modules | |
| `huge`  | W1-W2 + W3 banking | yes (W3) | small + extra code modules | |
| `manual` | user-specified | optional | special layouts | Not implemented |

```sh
sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c
```

Banked functions are declared with `__banked`:

```c
void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped
```

## Examples (27 total)

| Example | What it demonstrates |
|---|---|
| `hello`    | Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors |
| `argv`     | argv parsing in crt0 |
| `cat`      | File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT |
| `seek`     | 32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file |
| `ls`       | Directory listing via ffirst/fnext |
| `filetest` | FILE\* streams (fopen/fread/...) |
| `stattest` | `stat`/`fstat` on files and directories |
| `errno`    | errno / strerror / perror |
| `mem_test` | Page allocator + bank\_read/bank\_write |
| `malloc`   | Heap stress test (200+ allocations) |
| `banked`   | Banked code in W3 (huge mode) |
| `bankedbg` | Banked code in W1 (big mode) |
| `banklocl` | Bank-local static data and BSS |
| `mouse`    | Mouse driver in text mode |
| `gfx_mous` | Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode |
| `gfx_demo` | 320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator |
| `gfx_d16`  | 640?256?16 same primitives |
| `gfx_text` | Bitmap-font text on graphics screen |
| `timedir`  | Date/time + directory listing |
| `ptime`    | POSIX time API |
| `openenv`  | open() flags + environment vars |
| `conio`    | conio API smoke test |
| `attrprob` | Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout |
| `strtest`  | string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib) |
| `stdlib`   | stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.) |
| `assrtest` | assert() |
| `rt_test`  | Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit) |

## Headers

Standard:
* `<stdio.h>` ? puts / printf / FILE\* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
* `<stdlib.h>` ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
* `<string.h>` / `<ctype.h>` / `<math.h>` ? from SDCC z80.lib
* `<unistd.h>` ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
* `<fcntl.h>` ? open / creat + O\_RDONLY / O\_CREAT / ...
* `<errno.h>` ? errno + error names + strerror
* `<sys/stat.h>` ? stat / fstat
* `<setjmp.h>` / `<assert.h>` ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:
* `<conio.h>` ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
* `<gfx.h>`   ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_\*16 variants)
* `<mouse.h>` ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
* `<dir.h>`   ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
* `<time.h>`  ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
* `<sprinter.h>`      ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
* `<sprinter_exit.h>` ? exit / \_exit / atexit
* `<sprinter_mem.h>`  ? mem\_alloc\_pages / mem\_free\_block / bank\_read / bank\_write
* `<sprinter_compat.h>` ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

## Toolchain commands

```sh
make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary
```

### sprinter-cc options

```
sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose
```

## Status

What works in v1.0:
* Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
* Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
* Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
* Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
* File I/O, directories, environment, time
* All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see `docs/TODO.md`):
* **Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API** ? `initgraph` / `setcolor` / `circle` /
  `getimage` / `putimage` / etc. on top of our `gfx_*` primitives
* Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md`
* Manual memory mode
* Rewrite FILE\* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:
* **IM2 interrupt handlers** ? research complete (`docs/im2_isr_design.md`),
  implementation scheduled for v3
* **Audio API** (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
* **ISA-8 slot drivers** ? requires IM2 (???)

## Documentation

* `docs/TODO.md` ? roadmap and open work items
* `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md` ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
* `docs/im2_isr_design.md` ? interrupt handler design (v2)
* `docs/converted/` ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture)
  converted to plain text for `grep`
* `docs/reference/`, `docs/samples/`, `docs/memory management/` ? original
  Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

## Repository layout

```
bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation
```

## License

This repository contains:
* Original code in `bin/`, `toolchain/`, `runtime/`, `libc/`, `lib/`, `examples/` ?
  MIT-licensed.
* `third_party/sdcc/` ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception
  (see `third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt`)
* `third_party/solid-c/` ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

## Credits

* **Sprinter / Peters Plus** ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
* **SDCC** ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
* **MAME** ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

# TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

## �â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] SDCC's `malloc`/`free` + ­ è `runtime/heap.s` (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
- [x] `libc/mem/mem_alloc.c` ? page allocator: `mem_alloc_pages`/`mem_free_block`/`mem_get_page`/`mem_info` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX `$3C/$3D/$3E` + BIOS `$C4`
- [x] `libc/mem/bank_io.c` ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ `bank_read`/`bank_write`/`bank_load_byte`/`bank_store_byte` ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
- [x] `examples/malloc_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
- [x] `examples/mem_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

## �â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ `runtime/crt0.s`)
- [x] Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
- [x] �¥à¥¤ ç  `argc`/`argv` ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
- [x] argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
- [x] `runtime/crt0_minimal.s` ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
- [x] `runtime/crt0_banked.s` ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
- [x] Bash-®¡ñà⪠ `bin/sprinter-cc`: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: `--memory`, `--memory-manual`, `--stack-size`, `--crt0=`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `--debug`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`

## �â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **8a** Graphics core: `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`/`gfx_clear`/`gfx_putpixel`/`gfx_pal_load`/`gfx_pal_set` (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
- [x] **8b** ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), `gfx_rect`/`gfx_fill_rect` á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), `gfx_line` á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. `gfx_clear` ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
- [x] **8c** 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): `gfx_*16` API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
- [x] **8d** Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout `font[row*256+char]`, `gfx_text`/`gfx_putchar` ¤«ï 320 mode, `gfx_text16`/`gfx_putchar16` ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):
- [ ] ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

## Auto-banking (á¬. `memory/banking_roadmap.md` ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

- [ ] `toolchain/auto_bank.py`:
    - � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ `.rel`-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
    - First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
    - “¢ ¦ ¥â `#pragma codeseg BANKn` ª ª manual override
    - �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ `-Wl-b_BANKn=...` ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
    - �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative `banks.toml`, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

## Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] �ਬ¥à `examples/bank_local_data/` ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
- [x] `mkexe -p 0` ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
- [x] Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: `--codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1` ¤«ï bank1.c + `-Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000` ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. **`--dataseg BANK1` �€�Ž’€…’** ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
- [x] **Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s** ? áâ àë© `pop af; out (n), a` ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© `pop bc; out (c), b` á®åà ­ï¥â A.
- [x] **malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­®** ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
- [x] „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: `memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md` (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), `memory/sdcc_banking.md` (trampoline fix)
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì `check_banks.py` çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

## �®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? `third_party/solid-c/`)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. `memory/solid_c_findings.md`) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â **¢ë᮪®£®** ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

### High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )
- [x] **`errno` + `strerror`/`perror`** ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
- [x] **� áè¨à¥­­ë© `open()`** ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
- [x] **`atexit`** ? 8-callback LIFO + `exit()` + `_exit()` (libc/io/atexit.c)
- [x] **`setjmp`/`longjmp`** ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
- [x] **`sleep(seconds)`** ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
- [x] **ESTEX ENV API** ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

### Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)
- [ ] **Mouse driver** ? `rst $30h`, 17 ä㭪権. **‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME**.
- [x] **`ffirst`/`fnext` + ffblk_t struct** ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
- [x] **`getdatetime`/`setdatetime`** ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
- [x] **`chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`** ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
- [x] **conio: `kbhit`/`getch`/`getche`/`cputs`/`clrscr`/`gotoxy`** ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
- [x] **conio extras**: `wherex`/`wherey` ($53), `wrchar`/`rdchar` ($58/$57), `textmode_get/set` ($50/$51), `clrscr_attr` ($56) + COLOR macros

### Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE\*** ? `libc/stdio/file.c` + `libc/include/stdio.h`. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. `memory/file_star_design.md` ¨ `examples/filetest`.
- [ ] fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â `sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp)`.
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

### POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/posix_time.c` ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. `examples/ptime`.

### sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/stat.c` ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. `examples/stattest` ¨ `memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md`.

### assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

## libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ `examples/stdlib_test/`: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:
- `atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv`
- �®«­ë© `<string.h>` (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
- `<ctype.h>` (toupper/tolower)
- `<math.h>` (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. **�… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì**.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

## Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] `lib/Makefile` ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ `.rel`,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ `lib/sprinter.lib`
- [x] ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
- [x] `bin/sprinter-cc` ? bash-wrapper: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© `--crt0=default|minimal|banked`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`
- [x] `examples/hello_sccc/` ? ¤¥¬®: `hello.c` ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
- [x] Split `putchar.c` ? `putchar.c` + `puts.c` ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
- [x] ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ `make all` (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì `lib` ¯¥à¥¤ `examples`)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):
- [ ] Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
- [ ] „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

## �â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. [memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md](../../.claude/projects/-Volumes-SAM8-Projects-DIY-Z80-Sprinter-C-Compiler/memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md).

- [x] **`tiny`**: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
- [x] **`--memory MODE` ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc**: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ `--code-loc`/`--data-loc`. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--memory-manual SPEC`**: ¯ àá¨â `CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`small` runtime**: `runtime/crt0_small.s` ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX `$3D GETMEM` + `$3A SETWIN2` çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. **�…** BIOS `$C4` ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
- [x] **`small` auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬**: `crt0_small.s` ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ `0xC2` (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ `0xA2`! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`big` runtime** (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ `crt0_banked.s` + `bank.s` ç¥à¥§ `.ifdef BANK_W1` ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â `BANK_W1 = 1` ¯à¨ `--memory big`, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ `mkexe -B 0x4000`. �ਬ¥à `examples/banked_big/`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`huge` runtime** (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ `crt0_small.s` ¢ `crt0_banked.s`. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à `examples/banked/` ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--debug` ä« £**: prepend `DEBUG_RT = 1` ¢ crt0 + `-DDEBUG_RT` ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol `_w2_self_allocated` (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

### „¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

**Ž¤­  `sprinter.lib`** à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? `.rel`-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â `gfx_core.rel` ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

**`gfx.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­**: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

**`libc_banked` (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME)** ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ `huge` mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ `--codeseg BANK0` ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

**HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? `sprinter_home.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­®.** — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:
- `gfx_*` ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì `0xC000+` ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
- `bank_io` (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ `OUT (0xE2)`
- �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì `libc_banked`, **®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­®** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ `sprinter_home.lib` (HOME-only) ¨§ `sprinter.lib` (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :
```
sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)
```
’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï `--memory huge` runtime.

**crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:**
- `crt0.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **tiny/big**: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
- `crt0_minimal.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
- `crt0_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©, step 3**: ¤«ï **small/huge**,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ `mem_alloc_pages` „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ `0xA2`, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
- `crt0_banked.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **big**: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
- `crt0_banked_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©**: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® `--memory` mode (ᥩç á `--crt0=` íâ® override).
- [x] **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ `sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES`. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â `heap_top.s` á `___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size`, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ `runtime/heap_top.s`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: `sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c`. `--memory-manual` ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á `--memory manual`.

## Known issues / quirks

- **ESTEX $46 ENV API**: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ `DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6` ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ `memory/sprinter_platform.md`.

## Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

### Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è `gfx_*` API ¤® ã஢­ï **Turbo-C `<graphics.h>`** (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS.
�ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

**—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì** (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:
- `initgraph()` / `closegraph()` ? ã ­ á ᥩç á `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
- `getmaxx()` / `getmaxy()` ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
- `cleardevice()` ? alias to gfx_clear
- `getgraphmode()` / `setgraphmode()` ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:
- `setcolor(c)`, `getcolor()` ? current draw color
- `setbkcolor(c)`, `getbkcolor()` ? background color
- `setpalette(idx, c)` ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
- `getpalette(&info)` ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):
- `putpixel(x, y, c)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
- `getpixel(x, y)` ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
- `moveto(x, y)`, `lineto(x, y)`, `linerel(dx, dy)` ? current point + line drawing
- `line(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
- `rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
- `bar(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
- `bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag)` ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
- `circle(x, y, r)`, `arc(...)`, `ellipse(...)`, `pieslice(...)` ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
- `fillpoly()`, `drawpoly()` ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
- `floodfill(x, y, border_color)` ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:
- `outtext(s)` / `outtextxy(x, y, s)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
- `settextstyle(font, dir, size)` ? multiple bitmap fonts
- `gettextsettings(&info)`
- `textwidth(s)` / `textheight(s)` ? measure

Image manipulation:
- `imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? bytes needed for getimage
- `getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf)` ? save rect to buffer
- `putimage(x, y, buf, op)` ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:
- `setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip)` ? drawing clip rect
- `getviewsettings(&info)`
- `clearviewport()`
- `setactivepage(p)` / `setvisualpage(p)` ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:
- `setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness)` ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
- `getlinesettings(&info)`

**Acceptance:** ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬
moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

**Notes:**
- BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­®
  ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
- imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
- Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages,
  ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ `examples/` Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

### IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode.  �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:
- Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
- Music playback (AY, COVOX)
- Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
- Async keyboard / mouse handling

**Status:** Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2.  �®«­ë© research + design ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`.

**�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥:** ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode `--memory im2`
(¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0).  Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`):
- Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL.  Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
- Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
- Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
- DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

### �à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

- [ ] **FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams** ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢
  `libc/stdio/file.c` íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc
  = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall).  �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª 
  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  ```c
  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  ```

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë `0 / -1 / -2`.  Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï
  stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive
  small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë©
  fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬.  fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­®
  (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â).  ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ?
  ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ `_F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT`.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®©
  API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢
  `SRC/CLIB/`); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/
  fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤.  €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:
  - `fwrite` short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì `_F_ERROR`
  - `fgets(buf, 1, fp)` ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  - `mode_to_flags` ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

- [ ] **Audio API** ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)
- [ ] **ISA-8 slot support** ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

## �à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

- [x] **#9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style)** ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. `memory/text_output_api_split.md`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
- [x] **Mouse API ¯®«­ë©** (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. `memory/mouse_api.md`. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
- [ ] Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `restore SP on EXIT` (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
- [ ] CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á `-aviwrite` ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

## ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `<setjmp.h>` (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
- `<time.h>` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME (`$21`) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
- ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
- Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

## Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ `sprinter.lib`, `sdldz80` ¯¨è¥â `?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once`. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:
- `_puts` ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
- `___sdcc_heap` ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
- `_asctime`, `_localtime` (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è `posix_time.c` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's `time.rel` ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â `_RtcRead`

**’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥:** `bin/sprinter-cc` ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up `Library:` áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  `sdcc`. —¥à¥§ `-v` (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

**‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:**
- �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit `--nostdlib` + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
- ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ `_puts` ? `_puts_sprinter` + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
- ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

## TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

- [ ] **Port_Y banking trick** (`docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt`):
      ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ `OUT (0x89), Y`  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3
      ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப).
      Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick **­¥ à ¡®â ¥â** ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨
      ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì.  Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨©
      `docs/samples/plasma2.asm` ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â
      Port_Y per row.
      �« ­:
      1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter
      2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (`_gfx_putpixel_raw` + ¢â®à®© write ¢ `0xD000+x`)
      3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á
         ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९à®
      4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥
         ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel)
      5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢
         `_gfx_putpixel_raw` (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

      ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
      OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
      release v1.

## GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® `docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt`

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï.
‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

### Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

- [ ] **‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  `LD A, (var)` ¤«ï block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ®
      à §à¥è ¥â `LD A, (HL)`, `LD A, (BC)`, `LD A, (DE)` (­® ­¥ `LD A, r`).
      �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ `gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk` ¨
      `gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk`.  ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
- [ ] **Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â
      block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. `Horizontal_Line_Fill`: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ
      size + `LD B,B` ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ
      á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size).  „«ï `gfx_fill_rect` á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨
      áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

### Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

| Bank byte | Effect |
|---|---|
| 0x50 | Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë© |
| 0x54 | "no copy in main shadow RAM" |
| 0x58 | **"FF is transparent"** ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background |
| 0x5C | both |

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî.
�â® ¯ãâì ª **sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy**:

- [ ] **`gfx_set_bank_transparent(on)`** ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ `gfx_set_bank` ¤«ï
      ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
- [ ] ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ `gfx_blit()` çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì
      transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

### Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

`LD L,L` (horizontal) ¨ `LD A,A` (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§
256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory.  �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

- [ ] **`gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h)`** ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite' 
      (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
- [ ] **`gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h)`** ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. `Draw_Restangle_Data` ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

### AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨
¤ ­­ëå.  �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:
- XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)
- OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending
- ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

- [ ] **`gfx_xor_rect`** / **`gfx_or_rect`** / **`gfx_and_rect`** ?
      ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬
- [ ] **`gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h)`** ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

### Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á `gfx_text` / `gfx_putchar` å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬
(BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â).  „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢
­ã¦­ë:
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_size(w, h)`** ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance)`** ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì
      ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  **proportional** (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì
      array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
- [ ] **Big-font ०¨¬ë**: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
- [ ] ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API `gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id)` £¤¥
      font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
- [ ] **Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë** (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?)
      ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

## ”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

- **`gfx_line` ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥©** ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï `gfx_hline` (¨«¨ `vline`).  
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill.
  ‘¥©ç á `gfx_line` orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

- **`gfx_fill_rect` á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î** ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal `_fill_rect_inner` ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.
# MDView ? �à®á¬®âà騪 Markdown ¤«ï Sprinter

**MDView** ? ¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®á¬®âà  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢ ¢ ä®à¬ â¥ *Markdown* ­  ª®¬¯ìîâ¥à¥
Sprinter (¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80). „®ªã¬¥­â åà ­¨âáï ¢ ®â¤¥«ì­®¬ W3 ®ª­¥ ¨ ­¥ § ­¨¬ ¥â
®á­®¢­ãî RAM ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.

## ‚®§¬®¦­®áâ¨

- „®ªã¬¥­âë ¤® **128 Š�** (8 áâà ­¨æ EMM ¯® 16 Š� ª ¦¤ ï)
- „® **16 384** íªà ­­ëå áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥
- €¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨© ¯¥à¥­®á á«®¢ ¯® è¨à¨­¥ íªà ­  (80 á⮫¡æ®¢)
- ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ ¤«ï è¨à®ª¨å áâப (¡«®ª¨ ª®¤ , â ¡«¨æë)
- ‘â âãá-¡ à: ¨¬ï ä ©« , ¤¨ ¯ §®­ áâப, ¯à®æ¥­â ¯à®ªàã⪨
- ‘¯¨­­¥à ¢ áâப¥ á®áâ®ï­¨ï ¢® ¢à¥¬ï § £à㧪¨ ¨ ¨­¤¥ªá æ¨¨
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ?¬ï£ª®£®? ᪫¥¨¢ ­¨ï áâப ¢  ¡§ æ å ¨ æ¨â â å

## ‡ ¯ãáª

```
mdview [¨¬ï_ä ©« .md]
```

…᫨ ¨¬ï ä ©«  ­¥ § ¤ ­®, § £à㦠¥âáï `README.MD`.

## “¯à ¢«¥­¨¥

```
Š« ¢¨è         „¥©á⢨¥
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ  ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Up  Down       �பàã⪠ ­  ®¤­ã áâப㠢¢¥àå / ¢­¨§
PgUp  PgDn     �பàã⪠ ­  áâà ­¨æã (30 áâப)
Home           � ç «® ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
End            Š®­¥æ ¤®ªã¬¥­â 
Left Right     ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ë© ᤢ¨£ (⮫쪮 nowrap-áâப¨)
F1             Žª­® á¯à ¢ª¨
F8             Š®¤¨à®¢ª : CP866 ? CP1251 ? KOI8-R ? UTF-8 ? ...
F10 / Esc      ‚ë室 ¨§ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë
```

Š®¤¨à®¢ª  ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ ¯à¨ ®âªàë⨨ (BOM + í¢à¨á⨪  ¯®
¯¥à¢ë¬ 4 Š�); `F8` ¯¥à¥ª«î砥⠥ñ ¢àãç­ãî, ¥á«¨ ¤¥â¥ªæ¨ï ®è¨¡« áì.
8-¡¨â­ë¥ ª®¤¨à®¢ª¨ (CP866/CP1251/KOI8-R) ¯¥à¥ª«îç îâáï ¬£­®¢¥­­® (६ ¯ ­ 
®âà¨á®¢ª¥). ‚â®à®© ­ ¡®à ¨­¤¥ªá/ªíè  (­ ¯à¨¬¥à UTF-8) áâநâáï «¥­¨¢® ? ¯à¨
¯¥à¢®¬ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¨ ¢ ­¥£® (ª®à®âª ï ¯ ã§  ᮠᯨ­­¥à®¬), ¤ «ìè¥ ¬£­®¢¥­­®.

## ‘¨­â ªá¨á Markdown

### ‡ £®«®¢ª¨

�®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ îâáï ã஢­¨ H1?H4. “஢­¨ H5 ¨ H6 ®â®¡à ¦ îâáï ª ª H4.

    # ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¯¥à¢®£® ã஢­ï  
    ## ‡ £®«®¢®ª ¢â®à®£® ã஢­ï  
    ### ‡ £®«®¢®ª âà¥â쥣® ã஢­ï  
    #### ‡ £®«®¢®ª ç¥â¢ñà⮣® ã஢­ï  

### ’¥ªá⮢®¥ ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­¨¥

**†¨à­ë© ⥪áâ** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ¤¢®©­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨: `**⥪áâ**`

*Šãàᨢ* ¢ë¤¥«ï¥âáï ®¤¨­®ç­ë¬¨ §¢ñ§¤®çª ¬¨ `*⥪áâ*` ¨«¨ §­ ª®¬ ¯®¤çñન¢ ­¨ï `_⥪áâ_`

`‚áâ஥­­ë© ª®¤` ®¡®§­ ç ¥âáï ®¡à â­ë¬¨ ª ¢ë窠¬¨

~~‡ çñભãâë© â¥ªáâ~~ ? ¤¢®©­ë¥ ⨫ì¤ë: `~~⥪áâ~~`

### �¥­ã¬¥à®¢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

Œ àª¥àë `-`, `*` ¨«¨ `+`:

- �¥à¢ë© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ‚â®à®© ¯ã­ªâ ᯨ᪠
- ’à¥â¨© ¯ã­ªâ á ¤®áâ â®ç­® ¤«¨­­ë¬ ⥪á⮬, ª®â®àë© ¯à¨ ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®áâ¨
  ¡ã¤¥â ¯¥à¥­¥áñ­ ­  á«¥¤ãîéãî áâபã á á®åà ­¥­¨¥¬ ®âáâ㯠

### �㬥஢ ­­ë© ᯨ᮪

1. �¥à¢ë© í«¥¬¥­â
2. ‚â®à®© í«¥¬¥­â
3. ’à¥â¨© í«¥¬¥­â

### –¨â â 

> �«®ª æ¨â âë ­ ç¨­ ¥âáï á ᨬ¢®«  `>`. �¥áª®«ìª® ¯®á«¥¤®¢ â¥«ì­ëå
> áâப ®¤­®© æ¨â âë ᪫¥¨¢ îâáï ¢ ¥¤¨­ë©  ¡§ æ á  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨¬
> ¯¥à¥­®á®¬ á«®¢.

### �«®ª ª®¤  (verbatim)

�«®ª ª®¤  § ª«îç ¥âáï ¢ âன­ë¥ ®¡à â­ë¥ ª ¢ë窨. ‚­ãâਠ¡«®ª 
⥪á⠮⮡ࠦ ¥âáï ?ª ª ¥áâì? ¡¥§ à §¡®à  Markdown:

```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sprinter.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, Sprinter!");
    return 0;
}
```

### ƒ®à¨§®­â «ì­ ï «¨­¨ï

’ਠ¨«¨ ¡®«¥¥ ᨬ¢®«®¢ `---`, `***` ¨«¨ `___` ­  ®â¤¥«ì­®© áâப¥:

---

## ’¥å­¨ç¥áª¨¥ å à ªâ¥à¨á⨪¨

- **�« âä®à¬ :** Sprinter, ¯à®æ¥áá®à Z80 @ 21 Œƒæ
- **Š®¤¨à®¢ª¨:** CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 ( ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥, `F8`)
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­ë© à §¬¥à ä ©« :** 128 Š�
- **Œ ªá¨¬ «ì­®¥ ç¨á«® áâப ¢ ¨­¤¥ªá¥:** 16 384
- **�¥¦¨¬ ¯ ¬ïâ¨:** small
  - Š®¤ ¯à®£à ¬¬ë, c⥪, ¤ ­­ë¥, ªãç  ? ®ª­a W1-W2 (32 Š�,  ¤à¥á  0x4000?0xBFFF).
  - �ãä¥à ä ©«  ? áâà ­¨æë EMM, ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬ë¥ ¢ W3 (0xC000?0xFFFF)

## TODO

1. **“¢¥«¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à  ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢.** ‘­ïâì «¨¬¨â 128 Š�: „®áâ â®ç­®
   à §à¥è¨âì à ¡®â âì á ¡®«ì訬 ª®«-¢®¬ áâà ­¨æ ¯ ¬ïâ¨, ¯®ª  ®ââ¥áâ¨à®¢ ­­®
   ­  à ¡®â¥ á 8-¬î áâà ­¨æ ¬¨ ¯® 16Š¡.

‘¤¥« ­®: ä®à¬ â¨à®¢ ­­ë¥ â ¡«¨æë á à ¬ª®©; ¯®¤¤¥à¦ª  ª®¤¨à®¢®ª
CP866 / CP1251 / KOI8-R / UTF-8 á  ¢â®®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥¬ ¨ ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨¥¬ ¯® `F8`
(¢â®à®© ­ ¡®à áâநâáï «¥­¨¢®, ¯® ¯¥à¢®¬ã ¯¥à¥ª«î祭¨î).

4. **“᪮७¨¥ ७¤¥à¨­£ .** Šíè áâப íªà ­ . Ž¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨ï 横«  ¢ë¢®¤ 
   ᨬ¢®«®¢ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WRCHAR (¯ ª¥â­ë© ¢ë¢®¤, DMA).

---

*MDView v0.2 ú (c) 2026 �¥â஢ €.ƒ.*


---

# Sprinter C Compiler ? v1.0

C toolchain for **Sprinter** ? the Z80-based home computer by Peters Plus, running
ESTEX DSS.  Host: macOS / Linux.  Target: `.EXE` files in SprintEXE format.

Built on top of **SDCC 4.5** (vendored in `third_party/sdcc/`).  This repository adds
everything Sprinter-specific: crt0, linker integration, libc wrappers over ESTEX,
banked-call trampolines, graphics & accelerator API, mouse driver wrappers, and the
`mkexe` utility for producing SprintEXE images.

## What you get

* **`bin/sprinter-cc`** ? one-line driver: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c`
* **Memory modes**: `tiny`, `small`, `big`, `huge`, `manual` ? see below.
* **stdio + conio**: printf, puts, putchar, getchar, fopen/fread/..., cprintf, cputs, putch, textcolor/textbackground/textattr, gotoxy, kbhit/getch.
* **Graphics**: 320?256?256 and 640?256?16 modes, accelerator-backed primitives (hline / vline / rect / fill_rect / line via Bresenham, plus clear), bitmap-font text in both modes via BIOS character generator.
* **File I/O**: POSIX (`open`/`read`/`write`/`close`/`lseek`/`unlink`/`creat`), FILE\* streams (`fopen`/`fgets`/`fwrite`/...), directory listing (`ffirst`/`fnext`), `chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`, `stat`/`fstat`.
* **Memory**: 32 KB heap (W2-resident), banking-aware page allocator (`mem_alloc_pages`/`bank_read`/`bank_write`), explicit memory modes for sub-16 KB programs.
* **Mouse**: full Sprinter driver wrapper (14 functions including custom cursor bitmaps).
* **Environment**: `getenv`/`putenv`/`sysenv` over ESTEX `$46`.
* **Time**: `getdatetime`/`setdatetime` + POSIX `time`/`localtime`/`mktime`/`asctime`/`ctime`.
* **Misc**: `errno`/`strerror`/`perror`, `atexit`, `setjmp`/`longjmp`, `sleep`, full argv parsing in crt0.

## Quick start

```sh
git clone <this repo> sprinter-c
cd sprinter-c
make sdcc                      # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary (~25 MB)
make all                       # build mkexe + libsprinter.lib + 27 examples
make floppy                    # pack everything into mame/v306/IMG/mc.img
cd mame/v306 && ./run_mame.sh  # boot Sprinter in MAME
```

Compile a single program:

```sh
cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { puts("Hello, Sprinter!"); return 0; }
EOF

bin/sprinter-cc -o hello.exe hello.c
```

That's it ? `hello.exe` is now a valid SprintEXE you can `RUN HELLO` from the ESTEX shell.

## Memory modes

Sprinter's address space is four 16 KB windows (W0 / W1 / W2 / W3).  DSS allocates
pages by program size ? small programs get only one page.  Pick a memory mode based
on what your program needs:

| Mode | Code lives in | Banking | Use when | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `tiny`  (default) | W2 (0x8100+) | no | code+data < 14 KB | |
| `small` | W1-W2 (0x4100+) | no | code+data < 30 KB | |
| `big`   | W2 + W1 banking | yes (W1) | tiny + extra code modules | |
| `huge`  | W1-W2 + W3 banking | yes (W3) | small + extra code modules | |
| `manual` | user-specified | optional | special layouts | Not implemented |

```sh
sprinter-cc --memory small  -o big.exe   bigprog.c
sprinter-cc --memory huge   -o app.exe   main.c --bank 1=engine.c --bank 2=ai.c
```

Banked functions are declared with `__banked`:

```c
void engine_tick(int dt) __banked;   // lives in BANK1, automatically swapped
```

## Examples (27 total)

| Example | What it demonstrates |
|---|---|
| `hello`    | Hello world with stdio + conio Turbo-C-style colors |
| `argv`     | argv parsing in crt0 |
| `cat`      | File I/O ? read & print TEST.TXT |
| `seek`     | 32-bit lseek over a 100 KB file |
| `ls`       | Directory listing via ffirst/fnext |
| `filetest` | FILE\* streams (fopen/fread/...) |
| `stattest` | `stat`/`fstat` on files and directories |
| `errno`    | errno / strerror / perror |
| `mem_test` | Page allocator + bank\_read/bank\_write |
| `malloc`   | Heap stress test (200+ allocations) |
| `banked`   | Banked code in W3 (huge mode) |
| `bankedbg` | Banked code in W1 (big mode) |
| `banklocl` | Bank-local static data and BSS |
| `mouse`    | Mouse driver in text mode |
| `gfx_mous` | Mouse with custom bitmap cursor in graphics mode |
| `gfx_demo` | 320?256?256 lines / rects / accelerator |
| `gfx_d16`  | 640?256?16 same primitives |
| `gfx_text` | Bitmap-font text on graphics screen |
| `timedir`  | Date/time + directory listing |
| `ptime`    | POSIX time API |
| `openenv`  | open() flags + environment vars |
| `conio`    | conio API smoke test |
| `attrprob` | Probe Sprinter text attribute byte layout |
| `strtest`  | string.h test (from SDCC's z80.lib) |
| `stdlib`   | stdlib.h test (qsort / rand / strtol / etc.) |
| `assrtest` | assert() |
| `rt_test`  | Runtime helpers (sleep, setjmp, atexit) |

## Headers

Standard:
* `<stdio.h>` ? puts / printf / FILE\* + Sprinter-specific dec/hex helpers
* `<stdlib.h>` ? atoi / atof / malloc / qsort / ... (from SDCC z80.lib)
* `<string.h>` / `<ctype.h>` / `<math.h>` ? from SDCC z80.lib
* `<unistd.h>` ? read / write / close / lseek / unlink
* `<fcntl.h>` ? open / creat + O\_RDONLY / O\_CREAT / ...
* `<errno.h>` ? errno + error names + strerror
* `<sys/stat.h>` ? stat / fstat
* `<setjmp.h>` / `<assert.h>` ? from SDCC

Sprinter-specific:
* `<conio.h>` ? putch / cputs / cprintf, textcolor / textbackground / textattr, kbhit / getch, clrscr, gotoxy, wherex/y
* `<gfx.h>`   ? gfx_init/done, palette, putpixel, hline/vline/rect/fill_rect/line, text ? for both 320 and 640 modes (gfx_\*16 variants)
* `<mouse.h>` ? full 14-function driver wrapper + mouse_cursor_t with bitmap support
* `<dir.h>`   ? chdir / getcwd / mkdir / rmdir / ffirst / fnext / ffblk
* `<time.h>`  ? getdatetime / setdatetime + POSIX time / localtime / etc.
* `<sprinter.h>`      ? raw ports, ESTEX/BIOS function numbers, env API
* `<sprinter_exit.h>` ? exit / \_exit / atexit
* `<sprinter_mem.h>`  ? mem\_alloc\_pages / mem\_free\_block / bank\_read / bank\_write
* `<sprinter_compat.h>` ? Solid-C compatibility layer (aliases + BOOL/WORD/uint types)

## Toolchain commands

```sh
make all              # build mkexe + lib + every example
make floppy           # repack mame/v306/IMG/mc.img with all .exe files
make check            # 17 mkexe unit-tests
make clean            # remove all build artefacts
make sdcc             # one-time: fetch SDCC 4.5 binary
```

### sprinter-cc options

```
sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c [more.c ...] [options]

  --memory MODE           tiny | small | big | huge | manual    (default: tiny)
  --memory-manual SPEC    explicit placement (CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3)
  --stack-size N          bytes reserved for the stack (default ~1278)
  --crt0=TYPE             default | minimal | banked | small
  --bank N=FILE.c         compile FILE.c into bank N (repeatable, max 15)
  --debug                 enable runtime diagnostics (defines DEBUG_RT)
  -I PATH                 extra include path
  -L 0xADDR / -E / -S     override load / entry / stack addresses
  -Wl FLAG                pass FLAG to sdldz80
  --mkexe FLAG            pass FLAG to mkexe (e.g. --mkexe -p --mkexe 0 for bank padding)
  -v                      verbose
```

## Status

What works in v1.0:
* Compile / link / pack to SprintEXE ? verified on all 27 examples
* Four memory modes (tiny / small / big / huge)
* Graphics (both modes) with accelerator
* Mouse (text + graphics cursor)
* File I/O, directories, environment, time
* All headers listed above

Deferred to v2.0 (see `docs/TODO.md`):
* **Turbo-C-style BGI graphics API** ? `initgraph` / `setcolor` / `circle` /
  `getimage` / `putimage` / etc. on top of our `gfx_*` primitives
* Remaining Solid-C compatibility gaps (Phase 2/3) ? see `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md`
* Manual memory mode
* Rewrite FILE\* stream API (current implementation is very primitive and doesn't use buffers)

Deferred to v3.0:
* **IM2 interrupt handlers** ? research complete (`docs/im2_isr_design.md`),
  implementation scheduled for v3
* **Audio API** (AY-3-8910 + COVOX) ? requires IM2
* **ISA-8 slot drivers** ? requires IM2 (???)

## Documentation

* `docs/TODO.md` ? roadmap and open work items
* `docs/solid_c_compatibility.md` ? gap analysis vs Solid-C 2004
* `docs/im2_isr_design.md` ? interrupt handler design (v2)
* `docs/converted/` ? source documentation (ESTEX, BIOS, architecture)
  converted to plain text for `grep`
* `docs/reference/`, `docs/samples/`, `docs/memory management/` ? original
  Russian docs and code samples from Peters Plus

## Repository layout

```
bin/sprinter-cc           one-line compiler driver (bash)
toolchain/mkexe/          host-side tool: .ihx -> .exe SprintEXE
toolchain/check_banks.py  post-link bank size enforcer
runtime/                  crt0 variants (default, minimal, small, banked)
                          bank trampolines, heap, heap_top
libc/include/             headers
libc/io|stdio|mem|gfx/    C and asm sources for libsprinter.lib
lib/                      Makefile that archives libsprinter.lib via sdar
examples/                 27 example programs
mame/v306/                MAME binary + Sprinter ROM/HDD images + floppy script
third_party/sdcc/         vendored SDCC 4.5 (fetched via `make sdcc`)
third_party/solid-c/      reference: original Sprinter native C (for compat target)
docs/                     documentation
```

## License

This repository contains:
* Original code in `bin/`, `toolchain/`, `runtime/`, `libc/`, `lib/`, `examples/` ?
  MIT-licensed.
* `third_party/sdcc/` ? SDCC 4.5 under GPLv2 with linking exception
  (see `third_party/sdcc/COPYING.txt`)
* `third_party/solid-c/` ? original Sprinter Solid C, used only as a reference

## Credits

* **Sprinter / Peters Plus** ? ˆ¢ ­ Œ ª, „¬¨â਩ � à¨­®¢ and the original team
* **SDCC** ? for the underlying Z80 compiler
* **MAME** ? for the Sprinter Sp2000 emulation

---

For questions / patches: see CONTRIBUTING.md (TBD) or open an issue.

---

# TODO / Roadmap

Žâªàëâë¥ § ¤ ç¨ ¢ ¯®à浪¥ ã¡ë¢ ­¨ï ¯à¨®à¨â¥â . �® ¬¥à¥ ¯®ï¢«¥­¨ï ॠ«ì­ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬ ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥âë ¡ã¤ãâ ᬥé âìáï.

## �â ¯ 5 ? malloc / free + banking-aware page allocator ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] SDCC's `malloc`/`free` + ­ è `runtime/heap.s` (¯®«­®áâìî § ¬¥­ï¥â library heap.rel, 14000-¡ ©â­ë© heap ¢ ®ª­¥ 2)
- [x] `libc/mem/mem_alloc.c` ? page allocator: `mem_alloc_pages`/`mem_free_block`/`mem_get_page`/`mem_info` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX `$3C/$3D/$3E` + BIOS `$C4`
- [x] `libc/mem/bank_io.c` ? HOME-१¨¤¥­â­ë¥ `bank_read`/`bank_write`/`bank_load_byte`/`bank_store_byte` ᮠ᢮¯®¬ W3 ¢­ãâà¨
- [x] `examples/malloc_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  SDCC's malloc (~210 64-¡ ©â­ëå allocations ç¥à¥§ ¢áî heap)
- [x] `examples/mem_test/` ? ¯à®¢¥àª  page allocator: 3 áâà ­¨æë, à §­ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ç¥à¥§ bank_write, ¢¥à¨ä¨ª æ¨ï ç¥à¥§ bank_read

## �â ¯ 6 ? argv parsing + sprinter-cc wrapper ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] crt0 ¯ àá¨â ESTEX command-line ¨§ IX-prefix (inline asm ¢ `runtime/crt0.s`)
- [x] Strip leading CP/M-style space (DSS quirk)
- [x] �¥à¥¤ ç  `argc`/`argv` ¢ main() ç¥à¥§ HL/DE (SDCC __sdcccall(1) ABI)
- [x] argv[0] = basename .EXE ç¥à¥§ ESTEX APPINFO ($47 subfn 2)
- [x] `runtime/crt0_minimal.s` ? opt-out ¤«ï ®ç¥­ì ¬ «¥­ìª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬
- [x] `runtime/crt0_banked.s` ? ⥯¥àì ⮦¥ ¯ àá¨â argv (parse_argv + get_progname ᪮¯¨à®¢ ­ë ¨§ crt0.s; ¡ã¤¥â factored ¢ argv.s ª®£¤  ¢®§ì¬ñ¬áï §  libsprinter.lib)
- [x] Bash-®¡ñà⪠ `bin/sprinter-cc`: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨©: `--memory`, `--memory-manual`, `--stack-size`, `--crt0=`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `--debug`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`

## �â ¯ 8 ? £à ä¨ª  (320?256?256 + 640?256?16 + accel + bitmap font) ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **8a** Graphics core: `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`/`gfx_clear`/`gfx_putpixel`/`gfx_pal_load`/`gfx_pal_set` (libc/gfx/gfx_core.c). � «¨âà  ç¥à¥§ BIOS PIC_SET_PAL ($A4). Verified 320?256?256.
- [x] **8b** ‹¨­¨¨/¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª¨/fill ç¥à¥§ accelerator (libc/gfx/gfx_lines.c): `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ç¥à¥§ accel Fill (LD C,C / LD E,E + SMC block-size), `gfx_rect`/`gfx_fill_rect` á heuristic ¢ë¡®à®¬ ®à¨¥­â æ¨¨ (h/v bursts count), `gfx_line` á Bresenham ¤«ï ¤¨ £®­ «¥©. `gfx_clear` ⮦¥ ¯¥à¥¯¨á ­ ­  column-major accel (~4? ¡ëáâ॥).
- [x] **8c** 640?256?16 mode (libc/gfx/gfx_16.c): `gfx_*16` API, HIGH nibble = LEFT pixel (¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï misleading), per-row RMW ¤«ï vline (®¤¨­ ¡ ©â = 2 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ëå ¯¨ªá¥«ï).
- [x] **8d** Bitmap font + gfx_text (libc/gfx/gfx_text.c): èà¨äâ ç¥à¥§ BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ($B8), interleaved layout `font[row*256+char]`, `gfx_text`/`gfx_putchar` ¤«ï 320 mode, `gfx_text16`/`gfx_putchar16` ¤«ï 640 mode á pair-table lookup.

‘¬. memory/sprinter_graphics.md, sprinter_accelerator.md, sprinter_graphics_16.md, sprinter_font_format.md.

Žâªàëâë¥ ¬¥«®ç¨ (­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãîâ):
- [ ] ˜à¨äâ-quad ¤«ï 640: per-cell ¯ «¨âà  (mode 0x82 à §à¥è ¥â 1 ¨§ 4 ¯ «¨âà per 16?8 cell) ? ç¥à¥§ ¯àאַ© ¤®áâ㯠ª area-®¯¨á ­¨ï íªà ­  0x0300..0x039F

## Auto-banking (á¬. `memory/banking_roadmap.md` ¤«ï ¤¥â «¥©)

Phase 1 ? file-level bin-packing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ë¢ âì ª®£¤  ¯à®¥ªâ ¯¥à¥à áâñâ ~30 KB ª®¤ .

- [ ] `toolchain/auto_bank.py`:
    - � àá¨â à §¬¥àë ¨§ `.rel`-ä ©«®¢ (¨«¨ ¨§ .map ¯®á«¥ dry-run link' )
    - First-fit-decreasing bin-packing
    - “¢ ¦ ¥â `#pragma codeseg BANKn` ª ª manual override
    - �¥à¥«¨­ª®¢ë¢ ¥â á ­®¢ë¬¨ `-Wl-b_BANKn=...` ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨
    - �¥ç â ¥â ¯« ­ à á¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨ï

Phase 2-5: incremental rebalance, declarative `banks.toml`, function-level, call-graph-aware. ’®«ìª® ¥á«¨/ª®£¤  ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

## Bank-local static data (mutable data ¢ ⮬ ¦¥ ¡ ­ª¥ çâ® ¨ ª®¤) ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] �ਬ¥à `examples/bank_local_data/` ? äã­ªæ¨ï ¢ BANK1 ᮠ᢮¨¬ writable BSS array + const table + malloc-â¥áâ
- [x] `mkexe -p 0` ¤«ï ­ã«¥¢®£® padding ¡ ­ª®¢ (BSS-storage ®¡­ã«ï¥âáï ¯à¨ § £à㧪¥)
- [x] Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨© à¥æ¥¯â: `--codeseg BANK1 --constseg BANK1 --dataseg BANK1` ¤«ï bank1.c + `-Wl-b_BANK1=0x1C000` ¤«ï «¨­ª®¢ª¨. **`--dataseg BANK1` �€�Ž’€…’** ? à ­ìè¥ ª § «®áì ®¡à â­®¥ ¨§-§  trampoline bug ª®â®àë© ¬ áª¨à®¢ « १ã«ìâ â.
- [x] **Šà¨â¨ç­ë© 䨪á trampoline'a ¢ runtime/bank.s** ? áâ àë© `pop af; out (n), a` ª«®¡¡¥à¨« A ? ¢á¥ banked-ä㭪樨 ¢®§¢à é î騥 uint8_t â¨å® ¢®§¢à é «¨ ¬ãá®à. �®¢ë© `pop bc; out (c), b` á®åà ­ï¥â A.
- [x] **malloc ¨§ banked-ä㭪樨 à ¡®â ¥â ¯à®§à ç­®** ? heap ¦¨¢ñâ ¢ W2 (HOME), W2 ­¨ª®£¤  ­¥ ᢠ¯ ¥âáï trampoline'®¬, pointer ¢ «¨¤¥­ ¨§ «î¡®£® ª®­â¥ªáâ . ‘¬. memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md.
- [x] „®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï ¢ memory: `memory/bank_local_data_pattern.md` (¯®«­ë© à¥æ¥¯â + malloc + nuances), `memory/sdcc_banking.md` (trampoline fix)
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­® ? à áè¨à¨âì `check_banks.py` çâ®¡ë ¯®ª §ë¢ âì à §¡¨¢ªã size = code + const + bss per bank (cosmetic)

‡ ç¥¬: ¤«ï ¬®¤ã«¥© á ¡®«ì訬 private state (level loader, audio engine, scene data). �ª®­®¬¨â W2 heap ¤«ï ¤¨­ ¬¨ª¨,   áâ â¨ª  ®áâ ñâáï ¢ ¡íª¥.

## �®¤áª §ª¨ ¨§ solid-c (­ â¨¢­ë© Sprinter C ? `third_party/solid-c/`)

�®á«¥  ­ «¨§  solid-c'®¢áª®© libc (á¬. `memory/solid_c_findings.md`) ¢ë¥­ë £®â®¢ë¥ ¯ ââ¥à­ë ¤«ï á«¥¤ãîé¨å ­¥¤®áâ îé¨å ä㭪権. �ਮà¨â¥â ®â **¢ë᮪®£®** ª ­¨§ª®¬ã:

### High-priority gaps («¥£ª® ¯®àâ¨à®¢ âì, ¡®«ìè ï ¯®«ì§ )
- [x] **`errno` + `strerror`/`perror`** ? â ¡«¨çª  32 ®è¨¡®ª (libc/io/errno.c)
- [x] **� áè¨à¥­­ë© `open()`** ¤«ï O_CREAT/O_TRUNC/O_APPEND/O_EXCL state machine
- [x] **`atexit`** ? 8-callback LIFO + `exit()` + `_exit()` (libc/io/atexit.c)
- [x] **`setjmp`/`longjmp`** ? 6-¡ ©â jmp_buf={sp,ix,pc} (libc/io/setjmp.c)
- [x] **`sleep(seconds)`** ? 50Hz halt-loop (libc/io/sleep.c)
- [x] **ESTEX ENV API** ($46, getenv/putenv) ? libc/io/env.c. “竨 doc-bug: ॠ«ì­® A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND

### Medium-priority (­ã¦­® ¤«ï shell-like ã⨫¨â)
- [ ] **Mouse driver** ? `rst $30h`, 17 ä㭪権. **‘­ ç «  â¥áâ çâ® à ¡®â ¥â ¢ MAME**.
- [x] **`ffirst`/`fnext` + ffblk_t struct** ¤«ï directory listing ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®, demo: ls.exe
- [x] **`getdatetime`/`setdatetime`** ç¥à¥§ ESTEX $21/$22 ? libc/io/time.c, demo: time_dir_test
- [x] **`chdir`/`getcwd`/`mkdir`/`rmdir`** ? wrappers ¤«ï ESTEX $1B-$1E ? libc/io/fsdir.c
- [x] **conio: `kbhit`/`getch`/`getche`/`cputs`/`clrscr`/`gotoxy`** ? ॠ«¨§®¢ ­®
- [x] **conio extras**: `wherex`/`wherey` ($53), `wrchar`/`rdchar` ($58/$57), `textmode_get/set` ($50/$51), `clrscr_attr` ($56) + COLOR macros

### Low-priority ? ? FILE* stack ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] **Œ¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© unbuffered FILE\*** ? `libc/stdio/file.c` + `libc/include/stdio.h`. fopen/fclose/fputs/fgets/fread/fwrite/fseek/ftell/rewind/feof/ferror/clearerr/fflush + stdin/stdout/stderr ª ª pseudo-streams. ‘¬. `memory/file_star_design.md` ¨ `examples/filetest`.
- [ ] fprintf / fscanf ? ­ã¦­  printf-ç¥à¥§-callback machinery. �®ª  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì ¬®¦¥â `sprintf(buf, ...) + fputs(buf, fp)`.
- [ ] Ž¯æ¨®­ «ì­ë© buffered mode (setvbuf, line/block buffering) ? ¥á«¨ ª®£¤ -â® ¯®­ ¤®¡¨âáï.

### POSIX time API ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/posix_time.c` ? time/localtime/gmtime/mktime/asctime/ctime ¯®¢¥àå getdatetime. SDCC's time.rel ¨§¡¥£ ¥¬ (­¥«ì§ï override _RtcRead). ‘¬. `examples/ptime`.

### sys/stat ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž
- [x] `libc/io/stat.c` ? POSIX stat/fstat. ƒ¨¡à¨¤ open+fstat ¤«ï ä ©«®¢, ffirst+iter ¤«ï ¯ ¯®ª (¢ª«îç ï "."/".."). ‘¬. `examples/stattest` ¨ `memory/estex_ffirst_dotdot.md`.

### assert ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž (¨á¯®«ì§ã¥¬ SDCC's __assert ç¥à¥§ fallback include path)

## libc/stdlib ? ? ­¥ ­ã¦­® ¤¥« âì (á¬. memory/sdcc_stdlib_works.md)

�஢¥à¥­® ç¥à¥§ `examples/stdlib_test/`: SDCC z80.lib ᮤ¥à¦¨â à ¡®â î騥 ॠ«¨§ æ¨¨:
- `atoi/atol/atof, strtol/strtoul, rand/srand, qsort/bsearch, abs/labs, div/ldiv`
- �®«­ë© `<string.h>` (memchr/cmp/set/cpy, strcat/cmp/cpy/len/chr/spn/etc.)
- `<ctype.h>` (toupper/tolower)
- `<math.h>` (sinf/cosf/sqrtf/etc.)

‹¨­ª¥à  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ âﭥ⠨§ z80.lib ª®£¤  ­ã¦­®. **�… ¯¥à¥¯¨á뢠âì**.

� è¨ Sprinter-specific ®¡ï§ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ®áâ îâáï: atexit, env, errno, setjmp, putchar/puts/getchar, conio, fsdir, time, mouse, open/read/lseek/close.

## Build-system: libsprinter.lib + sprinter-cc ? ? ƒŽ’Ž‚Ž

- [x] `lib/Makefile` ? ᮡ¨à ¥â ª ¦¤ë© libc/*.c ¢ `.rel`,  à娢¨àã¥â ç¥à¥§ sdar ¢ `lib/sprinter.lib`
- [x] ‚ª«îç ¥â runtime/bank.s ¨ runtime/heap.s (auto-pulled ¯à¨ __banked/malloc)
- [x] `bin/sprinter-cc` ? bash-wrapper: `sprinter-cc -o foo.exe foo.c` ®¤­®© áâப®©
- [x] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ®¯æ¨© `--crt0=default|minimal|banked`, `--bank N=FILE.c`, `-I`, `-L`/`-E`/`-S`, `-Wl`, `--mkexe`
- [x] `examples/hello_sccc/` ? ¤¥¬®: `hello.c` ᮡ¨à ¥âáï §  ®¤¨­ shell-¢ë§®¢, à §¬¥à ᮢ¯ ¤ ¥â á àãç­ë¬ Makefile (925 ¡ ©â)
- [x] Split `putchar.c` ? `putchar.c` + `puts.c` ¤«ï per-function granularity (puts override SDCC's z80.lib version)
- [x] ‚ª«îçñ­ ¢ `make all` (§ ¢¨á¨¬®áâì `lib` ¯¥à¥¤ `examples`)

‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï (®¯æ¨®­ «ì­®):
- [ ] Œ¨£à¨à®¢ âì ®áâ «ì­ë¥ examples ­  sprinter-cc ¢¬¥áâ® àãç­ëå Makefile (ª®á¬¥â¨ª )
- [ ] „ «ì­¥©è ï ¤¥ª®¬¯®§¨æ¨ï libc/*.c per-function (­® ⥪ãé ï granularity 㦥 ¤ ñâ ­ã¦­ë© à §¬¥à ? «¨­ª¥à ¯ ª¥âã¥â .rel 楫¨ª®¬, ¨ ¤«ï ¡®«ì設á⢠ ä ©«®¢ íâ® ®¤­  äã­ªæ¨ï)

## �â ¯ 9 ? memory modes ¤«ï sprinter-cc

DSS ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â áâà ­¨æë ¯ ¬ï⨠¯® à §¬¥à㠯ਫ®¦¥­¨ï: < 16 KB ? ®¤­  áâà ­¨æ , ¢ ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ®ª­  ¯®¤ª«îç ¥âáï ?áâà ­¨æ  #FF? (read=0xFF, write ¨£­®à¨âáï). ˆ§-§  í⮣® CODE-¢-W1 + DATA-¢-W2 ¤«ï ¬ «¥­ìª®© ¯à®£à ¬¬ë ¬®«ç  «®¬ ¥âáï. ‘¬. [memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md](../../.claude/projects/-Volumes-SAM8-Projects-DIY-Z80-Sprinter-C-Compiler/memory/sprinter_memory_modes.md).

- [x] **`tiny`**: ¢áñ (CODE+DATA+á⥪) ¢ W2. Default. Verified hello/argv/conio/malloc/file/etc.
- [x] **`--memory MODE` ä« £ ¢ sprinter-cc**: parser + per-mode ¤¥ä®«âë CODE_LOC/DATA_LOC, override ç¥à¥§ ï¢­ë¥ `--code-loc`/`--data-loc`. tiny à ¡®â ¥â; small/big/huge ª®¬¯¨«¨àãîâáï á warning'®¬ (runtime ­¥ £®â®¢). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--memory-manual SPEC`**: ¯ àá¨â `CODE=W1|W2,DATA=W1|W2|SAME,BANKED=W1|W3`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`small` runtime**: `runtime/crt0_small.s` ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â ESTEX `$3D GETMEM` + `$3A SETWIN2` çâ®¡ë ¢ë¤¥«¨âì ¨ § ¬ ¯¨âì W2-áâà ­¨æã „Ž gsinit. **�…** BIOS `$C4` ? á⥪ ­  í⮬ íâ ¯¥ ¢ W1 (boot_stack ¢ HOME),   BIOS âॡã¥â á⥪ ¢ W2. �®á«¥ ¬ ¯¯¨­£  SP ¯¥à¥ª«îç ¥âáï ­  0xBFFE, ¤ «ìè¥ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30, verified hello.exe.
- [x] **`small` auto-detect ¤«ï >16 KB ¯à®£à ¬¬**: `crt0_small.s` ç¨â ¥â ¯®àâ `0xC2` (⥪ãé ï áâà ­¨æ  ¢ W2 ? ­¥ `0xA2`! íâ® W1). …᫨ 0xFF ? ¢ë¤¥«ï¥â page; ¨­ ç¥ DSS 㦥 ᤥ« «  íâ® (¯à®£à ¬¬  á ¬  ¢ë«¥§«  ¢ W2). Ž¤¨­ crt0 ¯®ªà뢠¥â 0..30 KB. mkexe â ª¦¥ à §à¥è ¥â HOME span W1+W2 (0x4000..0xBFFF). Verified hello: small (5 KB ä ©«, SETWIN2 path) + 32 KB ä ©« (auto-skip). �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`big` runtime** (tiny + banked code ¢ W1): ¯ à ¬¥âਧ®¢ «¨ `crt0_banked.s` + `bank.s` ç¥à¥§ `.ifdef BANK_W1` ? ¤à㣮© banking port (0xA2 vs 0xE2), ¤à㣮© load-addr (0x4000 vs 0xC000). sprinter-cc prepend'¨â `BANK_W1 = 1` ¯à¨ `--memory big`, ¯¥à¥¤ ñâ `mkexe -B 0x4000`. �ਬ¥à `examples/banked_big/`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`huge` runtime** (small + banked code ¢ W3): merge W2-detect «®£¨ª¨ ¨§ `crt0_small.s` ¢ `crt0_banked.s`. ‘ãé¥áâ¢ãî騩 ¯à¨¬¥à `examples/banked/` ⥯¥àì ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â MEMORY=huge. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.
- [x] **`--debug` ä« £**: prepend `DEBUG_RT = 1` ¢ crt0 + `-DDEBUG_RT` ¢ sdcc. Žâªà뢠¥â symbol `_w2_self_allocated` (uint8_t) ? runtime diagnostic ªâ®  ««®æ¨à®¢ « W2. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

### „¨§ ©­-à¥è¥­¨ï ¯® libc ¨ crt0

**Ž¤­  `sprinter.lib`** à ¡®â ¥â ¤«ï ¢á¥å memory mode ? `.rel`-ç«¥­ë relocatable, SDLD ¤¥« ¥â dead-code elimination per-member (¡¥§ £à ä¨ª¨ ­¥ ¯®¤â¢ ¥â `gfx_core.rel` ¨ â.¤.). Verified hello vs malloc_test ç¥à¥§ map-ä ©«ë.

**`gfx.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­® ? �… ­ã¦¥­**: dead-code elimination 㦥 à ¡®â ¥â.

**`libc_banked` (libc ¢ bank ¢¬¥áâ® HOME)** ? ¨¤¥ï ­  ¯®â®¬, ª®£¤  HOME (16 KB) § ¡¨â user-ª®¤®¬ + libc ¢ `huge` mode. �¥ «¨§ã¥âáï ç¥à¥§ `--codeseg BANK0` ¯à¨ ª®¬¯¨«ï樨 libc; trade-off: trampoline ~30 横«®¢ ­  ª ¦¤ë© libc-¢ë§®¢. ’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«ì­ ï ¯à®£à ¬¬  ã¯àñâáï ¢ HOME budget.

**HW-§ ¢¨á¨¬ë¥ ¬®¤ã«¨ ? `sprinter_home.lib` ®â¤¥«ì­®.** — áâì libc 䨧¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì § ¡ ­ª®¢ ­  ¢ W3, ¯®â®¬ã çâ® ®­  �€�Ž’€…’ á W3:
- `gfx_*` ? ¯¨è¥â ¢ ¢¨¤¥®¯ ¬ïâì `0xC000+` ¯®á«¥ swap W3 ­  video page
- `bank_io` (mem_alloc_pages/bank_read/bank_write) ? swap'¨â W3 ç¥à¥§ `OUT (0xE2)`
- �ã¤ã騥 ISR ? ¯à¥à뢠­¨¥ ¬®¦¥â ¯à¨©â¨ ª®£¤  W3 ­  çñ¬ 㣮¤­®

‚ huge mode í⨠¬®¤ã«¨ „Ž‹†�› ®áâ âìáï ¢ HOME (W1). Š®£¤  ¡ã¤¥¬ ¤¥« âì `libc_banked`, **®¤­®¢à¥¬¥­­®** ¢ë¤¥«ï¥¬ `sprinter_home.lib` (HOME-only) ¨§ `sprinter.lib` (bankable). ”¨­ «ì­ ï á奬 :
```
sprinter_home.lib    HOME-only:   gfx, bank_io, ISR shims
sprinter.lib         bankable:    printf, malloc, string, conio, stdio, env, ...
sprinter_banked.lib  â®â ¦¥ sprinter.lib ­® --codeseg BANK0 (¤«ï huge)
```
’ਣ£¥à: ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï `--memory huge` runtime.

**crt0 ? ¯® ®¤­®¬ã ­  mode:**
- `crt0.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **tiny/big**: SP=0xBFFE, ¯ àá¨â argv (W2-à¥áãàá 㦥 ¢ë¤¥«¥­ DSS).
- `crt0_minimal.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï tiny ¡¥§ argv.
- `crt0_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©, step 3**: ¤«ï **small/huge**,  ««®æ¨àã¥â W2 ç¥à¥§ `mem_alloc_pages` „Ž gsinit, ¬ ¯¯¨â ¢ ¯®àâ `0xA2`, ¯®â®¬ áâ ­¤ àâ­ë© flow.
- `crt0_banked.s` ? ⥪ã騩, ¤«ï **big**: trampoline-â ¡«¨æ  ¤«ï W3 ¡ ­ª®¢, CODE ¢ W2.
- `crt0_banked_small.s` ? **­®¢ë©**: huge = small (W2-alloc) + banked (W3 trampolines).

sprinter-cc ¯®¤¡¨à ¥â crt0 ¯® `--memory` mode (ᥩç á `--crt0=` íâ® override).
- [x] **� áâà ¨¢ ¥¬ë© à §¬¥à á⥪ **: ä« £ `sprinter-cc --stack-size BYTES`. Wrapper £¥­¥à¨àã¥â `heap_top.s` á `___sdcc_heap_end = stack_top + 1 - stack_size`, ®â¤¥«ì­ë© .rel «¨­ªã¥âáï per-program. Default ?1278 ¡ ©â (heap_top=0xBB00) ¨§ `runtime/heap_top.s`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-30.

ˆ­â¥à䥩á: `sprinter-cc --memory [tiny|small|big|huge|manual] [--memory-manual SPEC] [--stack-size N] foo.c`. `--memory-manual` ¨¬¥¥â á¬ë᫠⮫쪮 á `--memory manual`.

## Known issues / quirks

- **ESTEX $46 ENV API**: ? à ¡®â ¥â. „®ª-æ¨ï ¢ `DiskSyscalls.txt v1.6` ®è¨¡®ç­® ®¯¨á뢠¥â return-status ? A=0 íâ® NOT FOUND, ­¥ FOUND. ‡ ä¨ªá¨à®¢ ­® ¢ `memory/sprinter_platform.md`.

## Ž�Ÿ‡€’…‹œ�›… ‡€„€—ˆ „‹Ÿ V2 (¯®á«¥ ५¨§  v1)

### Turbo-C-style graphics API (BGI-like) ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

� áè¨à¨âì ­ è `gfx_*` API ¤® ã஢­ï **Turbo-C `<graphics.h>`** (BGI) ¤«ï MS-DOS.
�ணࠬ¬¨áâë ¯à¨¢ëªè¨¥ ª Turbo-C ¤®«¦­ë ¯¥à¥­®á¨âì £à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ª®¤ 1-¢-1.

**—â® ¤®«¦­® ¡ëâì** (­  ®á­®¢¥ Borland BGI):

Setup/teardown:
- `initgraph()` / `closegraph()` ? ã ­ á ᥩç á `gfx_init`/`gfx_done`, ¤®¡ ¢¨âì alias
- `getmaxx()` / `getmaxy()` ? ¬ ªà®á ­  GFX_WIDTH-1 / GFX_HEIGHT-1
- `cleardevice()` ? alias to gfx_clear
- `getgraphmode()` / `setgraphmode()` ? ã ­ á get_videomode/set_videomode

Color/palette:
- `setcolor(c)`, `getcolor()` ? current draw color
- `setbkcolor(c)`, `getbkcolor()` ? background color
- `setpalette(idx, c)` ? ¯ «¨âà  entry
- `getpalette(&info)` ? read all palette

Primitives (¬ë 㦥 ¨¬¥¥¬ íª¢¨¢ «¥­âë ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì BGI-¨¬¥­  ª ª aliases):
- `putpixel(x, y, c)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_putpixel
- `getpixel(x, y)` ? ­ã¦­® ॠ«¨§®¢ âì (RMW ®¡à â­®¥ ? IN)
- `moveto(x, y)`, `lineto(x, y)`, `linerel(dx, dy)` ? current point + line drawing
- `line(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_line
- `rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_rect (­® ¤à㣮© API: x1,y1,x2,y2 vs x,y,w,h!)
- `bar(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_fill_rect
- `bar3d(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth, topflag)` ? ­®¢®¥: rect + 3d edges
- `circle(x, y, r)`, `arc(...)`, `ellipse(...)`, `pieslice(...)` ? ­®¢ë¥ primitives
- `fillpoly()`, `drawpoly()` ? ¯®«¨£®­ë
- `floodfill(x, y, border_color)` ? § «¨¢ª 

Text on graphics screen:
- `outtext(s)` / `outtextxy(x, y, s)` ? ¥áâì ª ª gfx_text (alias)
- `settextstyle(font, dir, size)` ? multiple bitmap fonts
- `gettextsettings(&info)`
- `textwidth(s)` / `textheight(s)` ? measure

Image manipulation:
- `imagesize(x1, y1, x2, y2)` ? bytes needed for getimage
- `getimage(x1, y1, x2, y2, buf)` ? save rect to buffer
- `putimage(x, y, buf, op)` ? paste back with COPY_PUT/XOR_PUT/AND_PUT/OR_PUT/NOT_PUT

Clipping/viewport:
- `setviewport(x1, y1, x2, y2, clip)` ? drawing clip rect
- `getviewsettings(&info)`
- `clearviewport()`
- `setactivepage(p)` / `setvisualpage(p)` ? ¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï (Sprinter ¨¬¥¥â 2 screen)

Line style:
- `setlinestyle(style, pattern, thickness)` ? SOLID_LINE / DOTTED_LINE / etc.
- `getlinesettings(&info)`

**Acceptance:** ¯¥à¥­®á ⨯¨ç­®© Turbo-C BGI ¯à®£à ¬¬ë (à¨áãî饩 á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬
moveto/lineto/circle/bar/setcolor) ¤®«¦¥­ à ¡®â âì ¡¥§ áãé¥á⢥­­ëå ¯à ¢®ª.

**Notes:**
- BGI fonts (TRIPLEX/SANS_SERIF/GOTHIC) ? ã ­ á ®¤¨­ BIOS font, ®áâ «ì­ë¥ ­ã¦­®
  ¤®¡ ¢¨âì (ª ª bitmap data ¢ lib)
- imagesize/getimage/putimage ? á ¬ë¥ ¢®áâॡ®¢ ­­ë¥ ¤«ï game/animation
- Active/visual page (¤¢®©­ ï ¡ãä¥à¨§ æ¨ï) ? Sprinter ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â 2 graphics pages,
  ­ã¦¥­ API switching

‘¬. â ª¦¥ `examples/` Turbo C 2.x BGIDEMO ª ª reference çâ® ­ã¦­®.

### IM2 Interrupt Handlers ? **MUST ¤«ï v2**

User-§ ¤ ¢ ¥¬ë¥ ISR ç¥à¥§ Z80 IM 2 mode.  �ã¦­ë ¤«ï:
- Timer ticks (50 Hz frame counter, ¯« ¢­ ï  ­¨¬ æ¨ï)
- Music playback (AY, COVOX)
- Real-time games (input + game logic + render ¢ interrupt-driven)
- Async keyboard / mouse handling

**Status:** Ž’‹Ž†…�Ž ¤® v2.  �®«­ë© research + design ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`.

**�¥è¥­¨¥ ¯®  àå¨â¥ªâãà¥:** ॠ«¨§®¢ âì ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© memory mode `--memory im2`
(¢¬¥á⮠⮣® çâ®¡ë «¥§âì ¢® ¢á¥ áãé¥áâ¢ãî騥 crt0).  Detail'¨ ¢ design-doc.

**�¥§î¬¥ research' ** (¯®«­ë© ⥪áâ ¢ `docs/im2_isr_design.md`):
- Vector 0xFF ? frame + keyboard + CBL.  Disambiguation ¯® ¯®àâ ¬ 0x19 / 0xFE
- Mouse hardware-IRQ ­¥ ¯à¨å®¤¨â (­  ⥪ã饩 ¯« â¥)
- Vector table / ISR / stack Ž�Ÿ‡€�› ¡ëâì ¢ W2 (0x8000..0xBFFF)
- DSS ¨¬¥¥â ᢮© IM 2 handler ? ­ã¦­® chain'¨âìáï (¨­ ç¥ ª« ¢¨ âãà  / SYSTIME «®¬ îâáï)

### �à®ç¨¥ ªàã¯­ë¥ ¯ã­ªâë ¤«ï v2

- [ ] **FILE API rewrite ? buffered streams** ? ⥪ãé ï ॠ«¨§ æ¨ï ¢
  `libc/stdio/file.c` íâ® provisional unbuffered shim (ª ¦¤ë© fputc/fgetc
  = ®¤¨­ read/write syscall).  �㦭  ¯®«­®æ¥­­ ï buffered ᥬ ­â¨ª 
  ª ª ¢ Solid-C:

  ```c
  typedef struct {
      uint   flags;     // +0..1   file status flags
      int    level;     // +2..3   empty/fill level of buffer
      char  *curp;      // +4..5   current active pointer
      int    fd;        // +6..7   underlying low-level fd
      char  *buffer;    // +8..9   data transfer buffer
      char   hold;      // +10     ungetc byte if no buffer
      short  token;     // +11..12 reserved
      char   dummy;     // +13     reserved
  } FILE;
  ```

  stdin/stdout/stderr ? fd-¬ àª¥àë `0 / -1 / -2`.  Žâà¨æ â¥«ì­ë¥ ¤«ï
  stdout/stderr ¢ë¡à ­ë ­ ¬¥à¥­­®: ESTEX OPEN ¬®¦¥â ¢¥à­ãâì positive
  small fd (1, 2, ?) ¤«ï ®¡ëç­®£® ä ©«  ? ¥á«¨ ¡ë stdout=1, ॠ«ì­ë©
  fd=1 áâ «ª¨¢ «áï ¡ë á ¨¤¥­â¨ä¨ª â®à®¬.  fd=0 ¤«ï stdin ¡¥§®¯ á­®
  (ESTEX 0 ­¥ ¢®§¢à é ¥â).  ‘ ¬¨ fd ­¥ ¯¥à¥¤ îâáï ¢ syscall'ë ?
  ¤¨á¯¥âç¥à¨§ æ¨ï ¯® ä« £ ¬ `_F_CONIN/_F_CONOUT`.

  �ਭâ¥à-¯®â®ª¨ (stdaux/stdprn) �… ॠ«¨§ã¥¬ ? Sprinter ¯à¨­â¥à­®©
  API ­¥ ¨¬¥¥â.

  €«ìâ¥à­ â¨¢  ? ¢§ïâì ॠ«¨§ æ¨î ¨§ third_party/solid-c (sources ¢
  `SRC/CLIB/`); â ¬ ¥áâì £®â®¢ë© buffered FILE + fopen/fread/fwrite/
  fseek/setvbuf ¨ â.¤.  €¤ ¯â¨à®¢ âì ª ­ è¨¬ open/read/write/lseek.

  �ਠrewrite § ®¤­® à¥è¨âì deferred issues stdio-review:
  - `fwrite` short-write ¤®«¦¥­ áâ ¢¨âì `_F_ERROR`
  - `fgets(buf, 1, fp)` ? áâ ­¤ àâ £®¢®à¨â "empty string", ¬ë ¢¥à­ã«¨ NULL
  - `mode_to_flags` ? break-out ­  '+' (cosmetic)

- [ ] **Audio API** ? AY-3-8910 + COVOX ç¥à¥§ ¯à¥à뢠­¨ï (âॡã¥â IM2)
- [ ] **ISA-8 slot support** ? ZX-Bus ª àâë (sound, network, etc.) ? âॡã¥â IM2 + ç⥭¨ï port®¢

## �à®ç¨¥ § ¤ ç¨ (v1 backlog, ­¥ ¡«®ª¨àãî騥)

- [x] **#9: text I/O split (Turbo-C style)** ? stdio (puts/printf/putchar) ⥯¥àì fast no-attr ç¥à¥§ PCHARS/PUTCHAR. conio (cputs/cprintf/putch) ¯à¨¬¥­ï¥â attr ç¥à¥§ textcolor/textbackground/textattr. KEEP_EXIST_ATTR ? conio fallback ­  fast path. Verified ¢ hello.exe. ‘¬. `memory/text_output_api_split.md`. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® 2026-05-31.
- [x] **Mouse API ¯®«­ë©** (१¨¤¥­â­ë© driver, RST 30h) ? ¢á¥ 14 ä㭪権 ®¡ñà­ãâë (init/show/hide/refresh/read/goto/bounds/text_cursor/load_cursor/get_cursor/get/set_sensitivity/video_mode_changed). ‘¬. `memory/mouse_api.md`. Verified ¢ MAME 2026-05-31. Sensitivity = divider (¬¥­ìè¥ = ¡ëáâ॥).
- [ ] Interrupt handlers ? IM 2 vector table ¢ HOME ¤«ï user ISR'®¢
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `restore SP on EXIT` (¯ ââ¥à­ ¨§ z88dk +pps) ? ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­ã¦­® «¨
- [ ] CI:  ¢â®¬ â¨ç¥áª¨ § ¯ã᪠âì MAME á `-aviwrite` ¤«ï screenshot-áà ¢­¥­¨ï, ç⮡ë â¥áâë ¯à¨¬¥à®¢ ¯à®å®¤¨«¨ ¡¥§ 祫®¢¥ª 

## ˆ¤¥¨ ­  ¯®â®¬

- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  `<setjmp.h>` (¥áâì ¢ SDCC stdlib ? ­ã¦­® ¯à®â¥áâ¨à®¢ âì çâ® ­ è crt0 ᮢ¬¥á⨬)
- `<time.h>` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME (`$21`) ¨ CMOS BIOS-ä㭪樨
- ZX Spectrum-ᮢ¬¥áâ¨¬ë© à¥¦¨¬ ª ª ®â¤¥«ì­ë© target (¤«ï ¯®àâ¨à®¢ ­¨ï ᯥªâà㬮¢áª¨å ¯à®£à ¬¬)
- �®¤¤¥à¦ª  ZX-Bus ª àâ (sound, network, etc.) ? ­ã¦­ë ¤à ©¢¥àë
- Profile-guided optimization tools (hot/cold detection) ¤«ï ªà㯭ëå ¯à®£à ¬¬

## Linker duplicate-symbol warnings (¡« £®¯à¨ïâ­ë¥, ®â䨫ìâ஢ ­ë)

Š®£¤  ¬ë ᮧ­ â¥«ì­® overrides'¨¬ SDCC z80.lib ä㭪樨 ᮡá⢥­­®© ¢¥àᨥ© ¢ `sprinter.lib`, `sdldz80` ¯¨è¥â `?ASlink-Warning-Definition of public symbol '...' found more than once`. ‹¨­ª¥à ¡¥àñâ ¯¥à¢®¥ ­ ©¤¥­­®¥ ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ (­ è¥), ¯®í⮬㠯®¢¥¤¥­¨¥ ª®à४⭮¥ ? warning ⮫쪮 noise.

’¥ªã騥 overrides:
- `_puts` ? ­ è  ¢¥àá¨ï ç¥à¥§ PCHARS+\r\n vs SDCC posix puts
- `___sdcc_heap` ? ­ è heap ¢ W2 vs SDCC's áâ ­¤ àâ­ë©
- `_asctime`, `_localtime` (¨ ¢®§¬®¦­® ¤à㣨¥ ¨§ time) ? ­ è `posix_time.c` ç¥à¥§ ESTEX SYSTIME vs SDCC's `time.rel` ª®â®àë© § ¢¨á¨â ®â `_RtcRead`

**’¥ªã饥 à¥è¥­¨¥:** `bin/sprinter-cc` ®â䨫ìâ஢뢠¥â warning-¡«®ª (warning + 2 follow-up `Library:` áâப¨) ¨§ ¢ë¢®¤  `sdcc`. —¥à¥§ `-v` (verbose) ¢áñ ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï. �¥ «¨§®¢ ­® ç¥à¥§ awk-pipe.

**‚®§¬®¦­ë¥ ã«ãç襭¨ï:**
- �¥à¥©â¨ ­  explicit `--nostdlib` + àãç­®© ᯨ᮪ ­ã¦­ëå ¬®¤ã«¥© ¨§ z80.lib (string, math, stdlib ¡¥§ override'­ãâëå) ? ã¡à âì ˆ‘’Ž—�ˆŠ warning'®¢, ­¥ ¬ áª¨à®¢ âì
- ˆ«¨: ¯¥à¥¨¬¥­®¢ âì ­ è¨ `_puts` ? `_puts_sprinter` + alias ç¥à¥§ linker flag (­¥ 㢥७ çâ® SDCC ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â)
- ˆ«¨: ®áâ ¢¨âì ª ª ᥩç á (à ¡®ç¥¥ ¨ benign) ? ¯à¨®à¨â¥â ­¨§ª¨©

## TODO: ¯à®¢¥à¨âì ­  ॠ«ì­®¬ ¦¥«¥§¥

- [ ] **Port_Y banking trick** (`docs/part2/SprinterGraphics programming.txt`):
      ¤®ªã ã⢥ত ¥â çâ® ¯®á«¥ `OUT (0x89), Y`  ¤à¥á  0xC000+0x400*N ¢ ®ª­¥ W3
      ¬ ¯¯ïâáï ­  áâப¨ Y..Y+15 (®¤­® ¯à®£à ¬¬¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ? 16 áâப).
      Empirical 2026-06-01 ¢ MAME 0.283 íâ®â trick **­¥ à ¡®â ¥â** ? ¯¨ªá¥«¨
      ¯®  ¤à¥á ¬ ¢ëè¥ 0xC000+row_width ã室ïâ ¢ ­¥¢¨¤¨¬ãî ®¡« áâì.  Š ­®­¨ç¥áª¨©
      `docs/samples/plasma2.asm` ⮦¥ ­¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥â banking, ¯¥à¥ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ ¥â
      Port_Y per row.
      �« ­:
      1. �®«ãç¨âì ¤®áâ㯠ª ॠ«ì­®¬ã Sprinter
      2. ‡ ¯ãáâ¨âì â¥áâ dual-write (`_gfx_putpixel_raw` + ¢â®à®© write ¢ `0xD000+x`)
      3. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ¢¨¤­ë ¤¢®©­ë¥ «¨­¨¨ ? ¡ £  MAME, ®âªàëâì issue á
         ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë¬ ९à®
      4. …᫨ ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ⮦¥ ®¤­  «¨­¨ï ? ¤®ªã¬¥­â ­¥¢¥à­ë©, 㤠«¨âì 㯮¬¨­ ­¨¥
         ¨§ ¤®ª¨ ¨ ¯à®áâ® ®áâ ¢¨âì ⥪ãéãî ॠ«¨§ æ¨î (Port_Y per pixel)
      5. …᫨ banking à ¡®â ¥â ­  ¦¥«¥§¥ ? ¢­¥¤à¨âì ªíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ Port_Y ¢
         `_gfx_putpixel_raw` (sentinel out-of-range, á¬. memory/gfx_port_y_banking.md)

      ‘¢ï§ ­­ë© ¢ë¨£àëè ¤«ï Bresenham (60-pixel ¤¨ £®­ «ì) ? ®ª®«® 8? ¬¥­ìè¥
      OUT (0x89) ®¯¥à æ¨©, ¤«ï `gfx_fill_rect 320x256` ? 16? ¬¥­ìè¥.  �¥ ¡«®ª¨àã¥â
      release v1.

## GFX: à áè¨à¥­¨ï ¯® `docs/part2/accelerator_doc.txt`

�®á«¥ ¯à®ç⥭¨ï ¤¥â «ì­®£® accelerator doc ¢ë¥­ë ­¥§ ªàëâë¥ ­ ¯à ¢«¥­¨ï.
‘¥©ç á ¢ ª®¤¥ ¨á¯®«ì§ã¥âáï ⮫쪮 £®à¨§®­â «ì­ë©/¢¥à⨪ «ì­ë© Fill mode.

### Quick wins ¤«ï ⥪ãé¨å primitives

- [ ] **‡ ¬¥­¨âì SMC ­  `LD A, (var)` ¤«ï block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ®
      à §à¥è ¥â `LD A, (HL)`, `LD A, (BC)`, `LD A, (DE)` (­® ­¥ `LD A, r`).
      �â® ã¡¥àñâ SMC complexity ¢ `gfx_lines.c:hfill_chunk/vfill_chunk` ¨
      `gfx_16.c:g16_hfill_chunk`.  ‡ ¯à¥é¥­® ⮫쪮 register-to-register.
- [ ] **Šíè¨à®¢ ­¨¥ block-size**.  „®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel § ¯®¬¨­ ¥â
      block size ¬¥¦¤ã bursts (á¬. `Horizontal_Line_Fill`: ãáâ ­ ¢«¨¢ îâ
      size + `LD B,B` ®âª«î祭¨¥, ¯®â®¬ ¢ª«îç îâ Fill mode ¨ ¨á¯®«ì§ãîâ
      á®åà ­ñ­­ë© size).  „«ï `gfx_fill_rect` á 100 ®¤¨­ ª®¢ë¬¨
      áâப ¬¨ ? ãáâ ­®¢¨âì size 1 à §,   ­¥ 100.

### Bank-prefix modes (port 0xE2 bits)

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â âਠ¢ à¨ ­â  ¡ ­ª  ¢¨¤¥®áâà ­¨æë ¯®¬¨¬® áâ ­¤ àâ­®£® 0x50:

| Bank byte | Effect |
|---|---|
| 0x50 | Normal write ? ¯¨è¥âáï ¢ shadow + ¢¨¤¨¬ë© |
| 0x54 | "no copy in main shadow RAM" |
| 0x58 | **"FF is transparent"** ? ¡ ©â 0xFF ¯à¨ write ®áâ ¢«ï¥â background |
| 0x5C | both |

Bank 0x58 ®¡êïá­ï¥â ¯®ç¥¬ã mouse cursor à¨áã¥âáï á 0xFF-¯à®§à ç­®áâìî.
�â® ¯ãâì ª **sprite-blending ç¥à¥§ accel block copy**:

- [ ] **`gfx_set_bank_transparent(on)`** ¨«¨ ä« £ ¢ `gfx_set_bank` ¤«ï
      ¢ë¡®à  0x50/0x58 ¯à¨ ®âà¨á®¢ª¥ sprite'®¢
- [ ] ˆá¯®«ì§®¢ âì ¢ ­®¢®¬ `gfx_blit()` çâ®¡ë ¯® ä ªâã ¯®«ãç âì
      transparent sprites ç¥à¥§ accel-ª®¯¨î

### Block copy mode (sprite blit'ë)

`LD L,L` (horizontal) ¨ `LD A,A` (vertical) ? ०¨¬ ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨ï ¡«®ª  ç¥à¥§
256-¡ ©â­ãî accel memory.  �â® ¡ §¨á ¤«ï blit'®¢.

- [ ] **`gfx_blit(src_data, x, y, w, h)`** ? ª®¯¨à®¢ ­¨¥ sprite' 
      (¯à®¨§¢®«ì­ë© à §¬¥à, ç¥à¥§ accel)
- [ ] **`gfx_blit_transparent(src, x, y, w, h)`** ? á ¨á¯®«ì§®¢ ­¨¥¬ bank 0x58

‘¬. `Draw_Restangle_Data` ¢ accelerator_doc.txt ª ª à¥ä¥à¥­á.

### AND / OR / XOR operations ç¥à¥§ accel

„®ªã¬¥­â ¯®ª §ë¢ ¥â çâ® accel ¯®¤¤¥à¦¨¢ ¥â «®£¨ç¥áª¨¥ ®¯¥à æ¨¨ á ¡«®ª ¬¨
¤ ­­ëå.  �ਬ¥­¥­¨ï:
- XOR ? ¨­¢¥àá¨ï ®¡« á⨠(¢ë¤¥«¥­¨¥ selection ¢ UI)
- OR / AND ? masking, alpha-style blending
- ‘¬. ¯à¨¬¥à ¢ accelerator_doc.txt: "256 bytes block coding via XOR"

- [ ] **`gfx_xor_rect`** / **`gfx_or_rect`** / **`gfx_and_rect`** ?
      ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ë «®£¨ç¥áª¨å ®¯¥à æ¨© ­ ¤ ¯àאַ㣮«ì­¨ª®¬
- [ ] **`gfx_invert_rect(x, y, w, h)`** ? alias ­  xor á 0xFF

### Bitmap fonts à §­ëå à §¬¥à®¢

‘¥©ç á `gfx_text` / `gfx_putchar` å à¤ª®¦¥­­® à ¡®â îâ á 8?8 èà¨ä⮬
(BIOS WIN_GET_ZG ¢®§¢à é ¥â 256?8 ¡ ©â).  „«ï ¡ã¤ãé¨å UI / â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢
­ã¦­ë:
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_size(w, h)`** ? ¯¥à¥ª«îç¨âì è¨à¨­ã/¢ëá®âã glyph' 
- [ ] **`gfx_set_font_data(ptr, w, h, advance)`** ? § ¬¥­¨âì 㪠§ â¥«ì
      ­  ¯®«ì§®¢ â¥«ì᪨© èà¨äâ + à §¬¥àë
- [ ] �®¤¤¥à¦ª  **proportional** (advance != w) èà¨ä⮢ ? ¤®¡ ¢¨âì
      array advance[256] ­  è¨à¨­ã ª ¦¤®£® glyph' 
- [ ] **Big-font ०¨¬ë**: 8?16, 16?16, 16?8 (¤«ï â¨âã«ì­¨ª®¢)
- [ ] ‚®§¬®¦­® ®â¤¥«ì­ë© API `gfx_text_ex(x, y, str, font_id)` £¤¥
      font_id ¢ë¡¨à ¥â ®¤¨­ ¨§ § £à㦥­­ëå èà¨ä⮢
- [ ] **Anti-alias 2-bit èà¨äâë** (¡¨â ä®­ / ¡¨â £à ­¨æ  / 2-¡¨â alpha?)
      ? far future, ¤«ï smooth UI

## ”¨­ «ì­ë© íâ ¯ ®¯â¨¬¨§ æ¨© (­¥ ᥩç á)

- **`gfx_line` ç¥à¥§ accel ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ¤¨ £®­ «¥©** ? Bresenham ¤«ï «¨­¨¨ á |dy| << |dx| (¨«¨ ­ ®¡®à®â) ¢ë¤ ñâ ¤«¨­­ë¥ runs ®¤¨­ ª®¢®£® Y (¨«¨ X): ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, è £ Y, ¯¨ªá¥«ì, ¯¨ªá¥«ì... Š ¦¤ë© â ª®© run ? íâ® £®â®¢ë©  à£ã¬¥­â ¤«ï `gfx_hline` (¨«¨ `vline`).  
  �« ­ ¨áá«¥¤®¢ ­¨ï: ¯®áç¨â âì ¤«¨­ã runs ª ª äã­ªæ¨î ®â ­ ª«®­ ; à¥è¨âì ¬¨­¨¬ «ì­ë© run length, ¯à¨ ª®â®à®¬ ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ accel hline 祬 N?putpixel (overhead accel ~20?s, putpixel ~5?s ? accel ¢ë£®¤­¥¥ ¯à¨ run ? 4-5 px); ¤«ï ªàãâëå ¤¨ £®­ «¥© (dx ? dy) ®áâ ¢¨âì Bresenham, ¤«ï ¯®«®£¨å ? run-length-based fill.
  ‘¥©ç á `gfx_line` orthogonal cases 㦥 ç¥à¥§ accel ? ®¯â¨¬¨§¨à®¢ âì ⮫쪮 ª®áë¥.

- **`gfx_fill_rect` á ®¤­¨¬ W3-swap ­  ¢áî ®¯¥à æ¨î** ? ᥩç á ª ¦¤ë© ¢­ãâ७­¨© `gfx_hline`/`gfx_vline` ¤¥« ¥â ᢮© DI/save-W3/restore-W3/EI. Œ®¦­® ᤥ« âì internal `_fill_rect_inner` ª®â®àë© ¤¥à¦¨â W3 § ¬ ¯«¥­­ë¬ ¨ DI ¢¥áì 横«; ~20?s ? ª®«¨ç¥á⢮ áâப/á⮫¡æ®¢ íª®­®¬¨¨. �ਬ¥­¨¬® ª® ¢á¥¬ ª®¬¯®§¨â­ë¬ ¯à¨¬¨â¨¢ ¬.